(3RD RECIT 2ND PART) Nervous and Endocrine System Functions & Cranial Nerves Overview (copy)

Function of the nervous system

Regulates and coordinates body activities by receiving, processing, and transmitting nerve impulses.

Function of the endocrine system

Produces and secretes hormones that regulate body functions, growth, metabolism, reproduction, and homeostasis.

Part of the neuron that interprets neuronal impulses

Cell body (Soma)

Part of the neuron that transmits impulses toward the cell body

Dendrites

Part of the neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body

Axon

Components of the Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain; Spinal cord

Components of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Cranial nerves; Spinal nerves

Components of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Sympathetic nervous system; Parasympathetic nervous system

Seat of all conscious activities, memory, and intelligence

Cerebrum

Responsible for coordination and balance

Cerebellum

Parts of the brainstem

Midbrain (Mesencephalon); Pons; Medulla oblongata

Brain meninges

Dura mater; Arachnoid mater; Pia mater

Cranial nerve I (CN I) and function

Olfactory nerve - Smell

Cranial nerve II (CN II) and function

Optic nerve - Vision

Cranial nerve III (CN III) and function

Oculomotor nerve - Eye movement; constricts the pupil

Cranial nerve IV (CN IV) and function

Trochlear nerve - Eye movement (dorsal oblique muscle)

Cranial nerve V (CN V) and function

Trigeminal nerve - Facial sensation; mastication (chewing)

Cranial nerve VI (CN VI) and function

Abducens nerve - Eye movement (lateral rectus muscle)

Cranial nerve VII (CN VII) and function

Facial nerve - Facial expression; taste (anterior tongue); salivation and lacrimation

Cranial nerve VIII (CN VIII) and function

Vestibulocochlear nerve - Hearing and balance

Cranial nerve IX (CN IX) and function

Glossopharyngeal nerve - Taste (posterior tongue); swallowing

Cranial nerve X (CN X) and function

Vagus nerve - Parasympathetic control of thoracic and abdominal organs; swallowing; vocalization

Cranial nerve XI (CN XI) and function

Accessory nerve - Neck and shoulder muscle movement

Cranial nerve XII (CN XII) and function

Hypoglossal nerve - Tongue movement

Longest cranial nerve

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Largest cranial nerve

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Shortest cranial nerve

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Five segments of the spinal cord

Cervical; Thoracic; Lumbar; Sacral; Coccygeal (Caudal)

Apneustic and pneumotaxic centers are located in this part of the brain

Pons

Nerves with excitatory and inhibitory effects on effector organs

Autonomic nerves (Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems)

Structural and functional unit of the nervous system

Neuron

Hypothalamus: hormone(s) and function

Releasing and inhibiting hormones - Regulates the pituitary gland

Pituitary gland: Growth Hormone (GH) function

Stimulates body growth

Pituitary gland: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) function

Stimulates the adrenal cortex

Pituitary gland: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) function

Stimulates the thyroid gland

Pituitary gland: Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) function

Stimulates follicle development and spermatogenesis

Pituitary gland: Luteinizing Hormone (LH) function

Stimulates ovulation and testosterone secretion

Pituitary gland: Prolactin function

Stimulates milk production

Pineal gland: hormone and function

Melatonin - Regulates circadian rhythm and sleep

Thyroid gland: T3 and T4 function

Regulate metabolism and growth

Thyroid gland: Calcitonin function

Lowers blood calcium

Parathyroid gland: hormone and function

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - Raises blood calcium

Pancreas: Insulin function

Lowers blood glucose

Pancreas: Glucagon function

Raises blood glucose

Adrenal cortex: Cortisol function

Stress response; regulates metabolism

Adrenal cortex: Aldosterone function

Sodium and water retention

Adrenal medulla: Epinephrine function

Fight-or-flight response

Adrenal medulla: Norepinephrine function

Vasoconstriction; fight-or-flight response

Ovary: Estrogen function

Development of female secondary sexual characteristics; induces estrus

Ovary: Progesterone function

Maintains pregnancy

Testes: Testosterone function

Development of male secondary sexual characteristics; supports spermatogenesis

Classification of hormones

Peptide hormones; Monoamine hormones; Steroid hormones; Lipid hormones

Examples of peptide hormones

Growth hormone (GH); Insulin; Glucagon; ACTH; FSH; LH; TSH; Prolactin; Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Examples of monoamine hormones

Epinephrine; Norepinephrine; Melatonin; Thyroxine (T4); Triiodothyronine (T3)

Examples of steroid hormones

Cortisol; Aldosterone; Testosterone; Estrogen; Progesterone

Examples of lipid hormones

Prostaglandins; Leukotrienes