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Consciousness
The state of being aware of and able to perceive one's thoughts, feelings, sensations, and surroundings. It involves various levels, from alert wakefulness to altered states such as sleep or meditation.
Circadian Rhythm
The natural, internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and repeats roughly every 24 hours. It influences patterns of alertness, hormone release, body temperature, and other physiological processes.
Jet Lag
A temporary disruption of the body's circadian rhythm due to rapid travel across multiple time zones. It can result in fatigue, sleep disturbances, and difficulty concentrating as the body adjusts to the new time zone.
Shift Work
Employment schedules that require working outside of typical daytime hours, often disrupting the body's natural circadian rhythm. It can lead to sleep disturbances, fatigue, and increased risk of health problems due to the mismatch between work hours and the body's internal clock.
NREM Stage 1
first stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep characterized by drifting in and out of sleep, lasting only a few minutes.
NREM Stage 2
The second stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep characterized by light sleep, lasting about 20 minutes.
NREM Stage 3
deepest stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep characterized by the presence of predominantly delta waves.
REM Sleep
A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreams, and musc
REM Rebound
phenomenon where the body increases the time spent in REM sleep after a period of REM deprivation.
Activation-Synthesis (Dreams)
REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories. Random Neural Activity
Consolidation Theory (Dreams)
Dreams are a reflection of memory consolidation in the sleeping brain. Stabilization and strengthening of memories over time.
Insomnia
Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep
Narcolepsy
A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.
Sleep Apnea
sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or shallow breathing during sleep, leading to disrupted sleep patterns, daytime fatigue, and other health problems.
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
individuals physically act out their dreams during REM sleep, potentially causing injury to themselves or others due to loss of muscle paralysis.
Somnambulism
Sleepwalking; walking or performing other activities while still asleep. It typically occurs during non-REM sleep stages and can result in injuries or accidents.
