Purposive Communication - Midterm - Crash Course

Altruism (Ethical Perspective)

The standard is based on doing what is best or good for others.

Anti-intellectualism (smart-shaming)

A culture that sees those who have alternative opinions or are part of a counterculture as elitist, arrogant, matapobre (anti-poor) and aloof.

Chronemics

How people perceive, structure, and react to time; use of time to communicate.

Classical Perspective (Organizational Communication)

Assumes that each employee is part of a large machine, which is the organization.

Communication

The process of transmitting information and common understanding from one person to another.

Communication

Comes from the Latin root "communicare" which means "to share" or "to be in relation with".

Communication

Sending and receiving of messages by means of symbols and in that context organizational communication is a key element of organizational climate.

Communication

A tool for exchanging of experience and values as well as transfer of meanings and knowledge.

Communication Ethics

Involves DISCERNMENT and DECISION MAKING about what is good, right, and virtuous to communicate.

Communication Ethics

Relates to appropriate behavior when communicating.

Communication Ethics

Concerns the creation and evaluation of goodness in all aspects and manifestations of communicative interaction.

Communication networks

“the patterns of contact between communication partners that are created by transmitting and exchanging messages through time and space.”

Commonweal Organizations

The prime beneficiary is the public-at-large.

Copyright laws

Grant authors, artists and other creators protection for their literary and artistic creations, generally referred to as "works".

Corporate Code of Ethics

Strikes a balance between the ends and the means used to obtain them.

Cultural Relativism (Ethical Perspective)

The standard is on individual’s cultural or legal system of values.

Data Privacy Act (RA 10173)

An act protecting individual personal information in information and communications systems in the government and the private sector.

Diagonal Communication

Interchange of messages among two managers located at different levels of hierarchy and outside direct chain of command.

Downward Communication

Communication flows from superior to subordinate.

Downward Communication (Organizational)

Consists of messages that start at the top of the hierarchy and are transmitted down the hierarchy to the lowest rungs of the hierarchy.

Ethical Behavior (Means-Ends)

Good Means + Good End.

Ethics

“derived from the Greek ethos or the nature or disposition of a culture."

Ethics

"a field of study concerned with moral principles and the moral principles that govern or influence human behavior.”

Ethics

The “…critical analysis of cultural values to determine the validity of their vigorous rightness or wrongness in terms of two major criteria

Ethics

"examining the relation of an individual to society, to the nature, and or to God.”

Ethics

The “concerned with cultural value systems that are operable, either with intending to do something or actually doing something in the realm of goodness”.

Euphemisms

A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant.

Formal Communication

Communication which follows the rules and policies like chain-of-command established by the management.

Formal Communication

Used for the transmission of official messages within and outside an organization.

Formal Communication (Organizational)

Consists of the Rules and norms Established by an Organization for Communicative Behavior.

Gender Sensitive Communication

Inclusive use of language and visuals as well as positioning of men and women so that they are equally represented, have equal access to resources and opportunities, enjoy balanced roles and have equal share in decision-making.

Global Communication

The continuous flow and transfer of information on a global scale.

Globalization

Describes the growing interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information.

Haptics

The analysis of touch in communication.

Horizontal Communication

Exists among teams or members belonging to the SAME LEVEL or RANK.

Horizontal/Lateral Communication (Organizational)

Consists of messages that are transmitted to other individuals on the same rung of the organizational hierarchy.

Human Relations Perspective (Organizational Communication)

Introduces two-way communication between workers and manager.

Human Resource Perspective (Organizational Communication)

Includes management and workers in communicating and decision-making.

Informal Communication

Communication that follows the rules of behavior that are unconsciously learned through interactions with others.

Informal or Grapevine Communication

Communication networks that do not exist within the structure of the organizational hierarchy.

Intellectual Property

Refers to creations of the mind

Intellectual Property

Is divided into two categories

Intellectual Property Rights

Allow creators, or owners, of patents, trademarks or copyrighted works to benefit from their own work or investment in a creation.

Invasion of Privacy

The Philippine law recognizes invasion of privacy as a criminal offense.

Justice (Ethical Perspective)

The standard is based on three principles

Kinesics

Conscious or unconscious body movements that possess intended or unintended communicative value.

Lie Factor

The amount that a graphic representation exaggerates data.

Local Communication

The flow of communication in a societal level.

Machiavellian Ethic (Means-Ends)

Bad Means + Good End.

Multicultural Texts

Include “literatures about people who are considered outside of the mainstream society and have been in some manner marginalized”.

Multicultural Texts

Include the various facets of sexuality and gender, cultural, and societal groups.

Multimodal Communication

Communication that takes advantage of multiple modes, such as a PowerPoint presentation or a television commercial.

Mutual Benefit Organizations

Focused on providing for its membership.

Nonverbal communication

Refers to communication that occurs through means other than words, such as body language, gestures, and silence.

Organization

"a system of consciously coordinated activities of two or more persons."

Organization

"a body of individuals working under a defined system of rules, assignments, procedures, and relationships designed to achieve identifiable objectives and goals."

Organizational Communication

A "social collective in which people develop ritualized patterns of interaction in an attempt to coordinate their activities and efforts in the ongoing accomplishment of personal and group goals."

Organizational Communication

“an organized collection of individuals working interdependently within a relatively structured, organized, open system to achieve common goals.”

Paralanguage

Voice qualities and vocalizations that occur in language.

Plagiarism

Refers to the practice of claiming credit for the words, ideas, and concepts of others.

Political Correctness

Conforming to a belief that language and practices which could offend political sensibilities (as in matters of sex or race) should be eliminated.

Professional Code of Ethics

Sets a standard for which each member of the profession can be expected to meet.

Proxemics

How interpersonal space is perceived and managed.

Self-Plagiarism

Refers to the practice of presenting one’s own previously published work as though it were new.

Service Organizations

“An organization whose basic function is to serve clients.”

Social change

Brought about by an alteration in the way a group of people live or behave.

Social process

The manner in which the relations of the members of a society acquire a distinctive character.

Social Relativism (Ethical Perspective)

The standard is the interests of my friends, group, or community.

Society

A collective entity such as a nation, state, organization or family.

Society

Refers to the complex pattern of norms, interaction, and relationships that arise from a group of people.

Spoken Communication

Use of vocally produced words; a soft skill that is used to accomplish everyday tasks.

Subjective Ethic (Means-Ends)

Good Means + Bad End.

Subjectivism (Ethical Perspective)

The standard is based on an individual’s personal opinion of moral judgment.

Unethical Behavior (Means-Ends)

Bad Means + Bad End.

Upward Communication

Communication flows from subordinate to superior.

Upward Communication (Organizational)

Consists of messages that start at the bottom of the hierarchy and are transmitted up the hierarchy to the highest rungs of the hierarchy.

Verbal Communication

It is about both oral and written language.

Verbal Communication

Refers to our use of words.

Verbal Communication

An agreed-upon and rule-governed system of symbols used to share meaning.

Vertical Communication

Move communication UP and DOWN through a hierarchical organization.

World Order

A political situation in which the countries of the world are no longer divided because of their support for either the U.S. or the Soviet Union and instead work together to solve international problems.

World Standard English

An idealized central variety of English, perhaps best represented as ‘written international English’.

Written Communication

A more formal means of communication; has messages that are carefully drafted and formulated in text form.

Xenophobia

The denigration of certain population is a symptom of viral outbreaks because fear fosters discrimination.