PPL - Operational Procedures

What are the three components of fire?

Oxygen, Fuel and Heat

Carburettor Fire Immediate Memory Items

1. Starter Crank

2. Mixture Cut-off

3. Throttle Open

4. Electric Fuel Pump Off

5. Fuel Selector Off

Carburettor Fire Subsequent Memory Items

6. Ignition Off

7. ATC Inform

8. Electric Master Off

9. Locate fire extinguisher and evacuate upwind

Meaning of Black Smoke

Oil/Fuel Present

Engine Fire Memory items

1. Fuel Selector Off

2. Throttle Closed

3. Mixture ICO

4. Electric Fuel Pump Off

5. Heater Off

6. Defroster Off

7. Execute power-off landing

Electrical Fire in Cockpit/Cabin Memory Items

1. ATC Inform

2. Master Switch Off

2. Cabin Heat Off

4. Land at nearest Aerodrome

Class A Fire

Solids

Class B Fire

Flammable Liquids

Class C Fire

Electrical

Class D Fire

Metals

What is PASS?

-PULL the pin

-AIM at the base of the fire

-SQUEEZE the top handle

-SWEEP from side to side

What is Windshear?

Sudden change of wind direction/speed

What is Low-level Windshear

Winshear experienced during:

-Final approach

-Being on runway

-Intial climb-out

Overshoot meaning (Windshear)

Aircraft flies above desired path and/or increase in IAS usually due to increased headwind

Undershoot meaning (Windshear)

Aircraft flies below desired path and/or decrease in IAS usually due to increased tailwind

What is the Windshear Reversal Effect?

A reversal in overshooot/undershoot caused by becoming clear of windshear.

Causes of Windshear

-Ground roughness

-Terrain

-Cumulonimbus clouds

-Large cumulus clouds (downbursts and gust fronts)

What class of fires can a Halon extinguisher be used for?

A-C

What is Wake Turbulence?

A trail of vortexes left behind from the wingtips of other aircraft.

What mainly affects size of vortexes?

-Angle of attack of the other aircraft (through speed and flap setting)

-Size and mass of the other aircraft

How does an aircraft's flap setting affect vortexes created?

Lowest flap setting = biggest vortexes due to higher AOA

Which part of Annex 6 refers to Commerical and Private flying?

Part 1 - Commercial

Part 2 - Private

What is the definition of flight time?

Time between The first and last movement with the intention of flying.

Definition of a large aircraft

Mass >5700kg

Definition of SMS

Safety Management System

Definition of night time

Hours between the end of evening civil twilight and the begining of morning civil twilight

How to avoid wake turbulence of an aircraft departing before you

-Take-off in as little distance as possible

-Take-off as steeply as practicable

-Turn asap away from that aircraft's previous path

How to avoid wake turbulence of an aircraft landing before you take-off

Become airborne well after the point that the aircraft touched down

How to avoid wake turbulence of an aircraft landing before you

-Fly above its approach path-

-Land well after its touchdown point

How to avoid wake turbulence of an aircraft departing before you land

Touchdown as early as possible

How to avoid wake turbulence of an aircraft that has just gone around before you land

You should also consider going around

Minimum distance to a helicopter in slow hover taxi or hover

3 rotor diamters

How does speed affect Wake Turbulence Vortexes

Slow = Greater Turbulence

How early should the BRACE BRACE command be given

15 seconds before impact

When is a runway considered contaminated?

>25% of ther runways:

-Surface water >3mm deep

-Compacted snow

-Ice inc wet ice

When is a runway considered to be Damp?

The surface shows a change of colour due to moistrure (If a film is visible runways shall be reported as wet)

When is a runway considered to be Wet?

The surface is soaked but no standing patches of standing water are visible

When is a runway considered to have Water Patches?

Significant patches of standing water are visible (>25%)

When is a runway considered to be Flooded?

Extensive patches of standing water are visible (>50%)

Which Reporting items are considered to be contaminated?

Water Patches or Flooded

When should CAP683 - The Assesment of Runway Surface Fricition Characteristics be used?

-Runway must be paved

-ASDA ≥1200m

-Used for public transport ops by a/c with an MTOW >2730kg

CFME

Continuous Friction Measuring Equipment

Runway Surface Friction Assesment

The assesment carried out using a CFME

What is Virga?

When rain falls and evaporates before reaching the ground

Why is Virga dangerous?

When water evaporates it removes heat from the air, causing the air to skink at an accelerated rate causing a downdraft

Shortened version of Cessna G-ABCD

Cessna CD

Format of Mayday call

-M ayday mayday mayday

-A ircraft callsing

-T ype of aircraft

-N ature of emergency

-I ntensions

-F l/alt and heading

-A ny other info

Which precautions need to be taken when a halon fire extinguisher is used inside an aircraft cabin?

The extinguishing agent may decompose into poisonous components when heated; therefore the aircraft cabin must be ventilated well