Unit 2: Keeping Healthy (Biology B OCR GCSE)

studied byStudied by 14 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

Pathogens 🦠

1 / 23

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

24 Terms

1

Pathogens 🦠

  • Bacteria: Single-celled organisms, can cause infections.

  • Viruses: Infect cells and reproduce inside them.

  • Fungi: Can be single-celled or multicellular, e.g., yeast and mushrooms.

Protists: Single-celled eukaryotes, sometimes cause disease.

New cards
2

Communicable Diseases 🤒

  • Spread through direct contact, airborne particles, surfaces, or contaminated food/water.

  • Examples: Influenza, Salmonella, Malaria.

New cards
3

Non-Communicable Diseases 🚫

  • Result from genetic, environmental, or lifestyle factors.

  • Examples: Diabetes, Cancer.

New cards
4

Important definitions

  • Antibiotic: Medicine that kills bacteria.

  • Virus: Pathogen that reproduces inside host cells.

  • Fungi: Eukaryotic pathogens, e.g., yeast.

  • Protist: Single-celled eukaryotes, sometimes pathogenic.

New cards
5

The defenses

  • Mechanical barriers: Skin, nose hairs.

  • Chemical barriers: Mucus, stomach acid, tears.

  • Bacterial barriers: Gut bacteria.

New cards
6

Immune System 🧬

  • White blood cells: Attack and destroy pathogens.

  • Antibodies: Proteins that neutralize pathogens.

New cards
7

Plant Defenses 🌿

  • Physical barriers: Cell wall, waxy cuticle.

  • Antimicrobial substances: Chemicals that kill pathogens.

New cards
8

Key terms!

  • Antibody: Protein produced by white blood cells.

  • Antigen: Protein on pathogen surface.

  • Immune system: Body's defense against pathogens.

New cards
9

Plant Disease Prevention 🌱

  • Regulate infected plant movement.

  • Sourcing healthy plants.

  • Destroying infected plants.

New cards
10

Human and Animal Disease Prevention 🧴

  • Contraception.

  • Sterilizing wounds.

  • Hygiene and sanitation.

  • Vaccination.

  • Restricting travel.

New cards
11

Key terms!

  • Vaccination: Introducing inactive pathogens to stimulate immunity.

  • Contraception: Methods to prevent pregnancy.

  • Sterilization: Removing microorganisms from equipment.

New cards
12

Diagnosis Methods 🔬

  • Symptom observation.

  • Cell counting.

  • Culture growth.

  • Microscopy and staining.

  • Antimicrobial testing.

Genome analysis.

New cards
13

Aseptic Techniques 🧼

  • Sterilize equipment.

  • Limit sample exposure.

New cards
14

Monoclonal Antibodies 🧪

  • Used in diagnostic tests like pregnancy tests.

New cards
15

Key terms!

  • Aseptic techniques: Methods to prevent contamination.

  • Monoclonal antibodies: Lab-made antibodies for specific antigens.

New cards
16

Risk Factors

  • Unhealthy diet: High fats/sugar.

  • Lack of exercise.

  • Age.

  • Genetic predispositions.

  • Environmental factors: UV radiation.

  • Smoking and drugs.

New cards
17

Disease Interactions 🔄

  • Autoimmune diseases.

  • Viruses triggering cancers.

  • Preventative diseases: Sickle cell anemia prevents malaria.

New cards
18

Key terms!

  • Autoimmune disease: Immune system attacks the body.

  • Correlation: Relationship between two variables.

  • Genetic predisposition: Increased risk of disease due to genetics.

New cards
19

Medicines 💊

  • Painkillers: Reduce symptoms.

Antibiotics: Kill bacteria.

New cards
20

Cardiovascular Disease Treatments

  • Lifestyle changes.

  • Drugs: Statins.

  • Stents: Widen blood vessels.

  • Heart transplants.

New cards
21

New Medicine Development 🧬

  • Screening.

  • Pre-clinical trials.

  • Clinical trials.

New cards
22

Monoclonal Antibodies 🧪

  • Used for cancer treatment by targeting specific cancer cells.

New cards
23

Key terms!

  • Chemotherapy: Cancer treatment using drugs.

  • Heart transplant: Replacing a damaged heart.

  • Statins: Drugs lowering cholesterol.

  • Stent: Wire mesh widening arteries.

New cards
24

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 52 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 12 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 8019 people
Updated ... ago
4.8 Stars(38)
note Note
studied byStudied by 4 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 45 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 790 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 14 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 328 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard39 terms
studied byStudied by 2 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard29 terms
studied byStudied by 3 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)
flashcards Flashcard31 terms
studied byStudied by 3 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard40 terms
studied byStudied by 298 people
Updated ... ago
4.8 Stars(5)
flashcards Flashcard30 terms
studied byStudied by 123 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)
flashcards Flashcard51 terms
studied byStudied by 7 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard351 terms
studied byStudied by 1 person
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard30 terms
studied byStudied by 25 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)