#6-20 Module 2 - the cellular basis of life

Iintindihin and cell kahit hindi maintind :))

(6,10)Cell

**The basic structura**l and functional unit of all living organisms

(6,10)Cytology

The study of cell

(6,10)DNA

the **genetic material of cells** that holds all the information that cell needs

(6,10)GENE

specific segment of DNA which tells how to perform different tasks

(6,10)Cytoplasm

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**Gel-like substance** that fills a cell and gives its shape. It allow for different materials to move around the cell

(6,10)Plasma membrane

**membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm** of all cells. It separates the cell from the external environment and keeps the organelles together

(6,10)Unicellular

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**single-celled organisms** that consist of one cell only which can perform vital functions with themselves. They can reproduce through **asexual reproduction** 

(6,10)Budding

new organism develops from an **due to cell division** (Virus na nag didivide through cell division)(nasa unicellular)

(6,10)Fission

**division of single entity into 2 or more parts** and regeneration of parts to separate entities resembling the original (parang mga virus na nag didivide nang mabilisan)(nasa unicellular)

(6,10)Multicellular

consist of **more than one cells** to perform vital functions example: Plants, Animals, Humans, Some fungi, and algae

(6,10)Somatic cells

is also called **body cell**. These are diploid cells which maintains life processes of the organism. Example: Cells found in internal organs – heart, kidneys, brain, liver, lungs, etc. Skin Bones and Muscles Blood Connective Tissue (cells an nabuo ng mga organs)

(6,10)Diploid cells

contains 2 copy of each chromosomes (asa somatic cells)

(6,10)Haploid cells

contain single set of chromosomes (asa gamete cells)

(6,10)Gametes

also called as **reproductive or sex cells**. These haploid cells which function is for the production of offspring.

(11,15)cell membrane

is a **semi permeable membrane** that forms the outer covering of the cell. It is made up of phospholipids which has polar heads and non

(11,15)Cytoplasm

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**gel-like substance** composition where all the organelles are suspended inside the cell. It maintains pressure of the cell which ensure the cell doesnt shrink or burst

(11,15)Nucleus

**Contains the hereditary material DNA** **and directs the activities of the cel**l. It is surrounded by a porous membrane called nuclear membrane

(11,15)Nucleolus

is a round body found inside the nucleus which helps in the synthesis of ribosomes. It is not surrounded by a membrane but sits in the nucleus.

(11,15)Centrioles

**organized the microtubules** assemble during cell division

(11,15)Endoplasmic reticulum

is a **network of membranes** composed of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

(11,15)Golgi complex

it is responsible for **storing, packagi**ng of cellular products

(11,15)Lysosomes

are enzymes sacs that **digest cellular was**te. It serve as the **digestive system** of the cell and also help in detoxification of the cell

(11,15)Peroxisome

**is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells**. Which contains reducing enzyme catalese and usually some oxidase

(11,15)Microtubules

are **hollow rods** that support and shape the cell

(11,15)Mitochondria

the power house of the cell

(11,15)Ribosomes

are made of Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins which serves for protein synthesis. It is suspended in the cytoplasm and also attached to the ER. **The most abundant among the organelles.**

(11,15)Passive transport

it is the movement of molecules

(11,15)diffusion

Organisms need to move molecules from an area where they are
highly concentrated to an area where the molecules are less
concentrated.

(11,15)Simple diffusion

Tendency of materials to move randomly from areas where they
are highly concentrated to areas of lower concentration, until they are evenly distributed in a state of dynamic equilibrium.

(11,15)Facilitated Diffusion

Molecules and ions are transported with the aid of some
intermediary – proteins. It binds with the molecules with a carrier protein in the plasma membrane to be transported from higher to lower concentration.

(11,15)Osmosis

Water molecules diffusing across a membrane. It is the diffusion of
water through a selective (semi) permeable membrane from greater concentration to lesser concentration.

(11,15)Isotonic

Solutions have concentrations of substances
(solutes) and water (solvent) on both sides of the membrane are equal.

(11,15)Hypotonic

Solutions have a lower concentration of substances, and more water, when associated to another solution.

(11,15)Hypertonic

Solution have a higher concentration of substances, and less water, when compared to another solution.

(11,15)Filtration

It is the movement of water and solute molecules across the cell
membrane due to hydrostatic pressure. It is a passive transport used most often in the capillaries.