LOM Final

Hemoptysis

Coughing up/spitting out blood

​​Pericardium

Outermost double-layered membrane that surrounds the heart

Cardiomyopathy

Disease of the heart (muscle)

Sphygmomanometer

BP Cuff

Cyanosis

Skin having a blue hue/discoloration (indicating lack of O2)

​​coronary artery disease

Disease of the arteries that surround the heart (deposits; fatty, smoke, sugar)

tetralogy of Fallot

Congenital malformation involving four (tetra-) distinct heart defects 

• Pulmonary artery stenosis

• Ventricular septal defect

• Shift of the aorta to the right

• Hypertrophy of the right ventricle 

Endocarditis

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

​​Laryngectomy

Removal of the larynx

Hypoxemia

Low levels of oxygen in the bloodstream

Dyspnea

Difficult or shortness of breath

Asthma

Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to edema and mucus construction

Mediastinum

Central space in the middle of the chest outside and between the lungs

Tracheostomy

Surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

Eosinophil

White blood cell associated with allergic reactions and that contain granules that stain red

Fibrin

A protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

​​Antigens

The substance that stimulates the production of antibodies

Hemolytic anemia

Reduction in RBC due to excessive destruction

​​Aplastic anemia

Failure of blood cell production in bone marrow

​​Edema

Swelling (collection of fluid)

Palliative

Relieving symptoms but not curing it

Erythrocyte

Red blood cell (carries oxygen around the body)

Platelet

Thrombocyte (clots)

Relapse

Disease or symptoms return after apparent recovery

apheresis

Separation of blood into component parts and the removal of select portions from the blood

What does the Pulmonary artery do?

Carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart and into the lungs to be oxygenated.

What is the Systole phase of the cardiac cycle?

The contraction phase of a heartbeat

What does Echocardiography (ECHO) consist of?

It consists of echoes being generated by high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the heart.

What is the Medical term meaning “Incision of a vein”?

Phlebotomy/Venipuncture

What is Holter monitoring?

A mobile ECG device is worn during 24 hours to detect cardiac arrhythmias

What are septal defects of the heart?

Small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles

• Atrial Septal Defects

• Ventricular

Describe patent ductus arteriosus? 

It's a passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery that remains open (patent) after birth- Congenital condition

• Results in oxygenated blood from aorta flowing into the pulmonary artery

What is coarctation of the aorta?

Narrowing/constriction (coarctation) of the aorta- Congenital anomalies

What is a very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contraction of the heart called?

Fibrillation

What are rapid but regular contractions of the heart (usually the atria) called?

Flutter

What disorder is characterized by the heart’s inability to pump the required amount of blood?

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

In a person with Orthopnea, what position should they be placed in to combat shortness of breath?

90° Fowlers position- leaning forward on a bedside table

What is the failure of proper conduction of impulses from the sinoatrial (SA) node through the rest of the heart (The AV node usually does not allow these impulses through)?

Heart block

What happens during endotracheal intubation?

A tube is placed through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway- allows patient to be placed on a ventilator

What is a PPD used for?

To test for tuberculosis

What is the ​​Apex of the lung?

The tip or uppermost portion of the lung (Apical)

What occurred during a ​​thoracentesis?

Puncturing of the pleural space to remove fluid

What occurs during a ​​bronchoalveolar lavage?

Bronchial washing (fluid being injected and withdrawn) for a bronchoscopy

How is a lung scan; ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan performed?

Radioisotope is injected via IV and inhalation of radioactive gas (xenon) to detect records of radioactivity in the lung.

What are divisions of the lungs called?

Lobes

What is ​​Albumin and what does it do?

A protein in the blood that maintains proper levels of water in the blood