Biopsychology: The Endocrine System

The endocrine system

• secretes hormones into the bloodstream to regulate many of our bodily functions

• provide a chemical system of communication via the bloodstream

• network of glands that create and secrete chemical messengers (hormones)

Hormones

Chemical released from the endocrine system into the bloodstream that acts on target structures to alter their functions or release other functions

Pituitary Gland

major endocrine gland

controls the growth, development and functions of the other endocrine glands

Adrenocortical trophic hormone (ACTH)

A polypeptide hormone produced in the pituitary gland

targets adrenal cortex stimulating the release of glucocorticoids such as cortisone & corticosterone

key component in stress response

Adrenal Gland

Small triangular glands located on the top of both kidneys

produces hormones that regulate metabolism, immune system, blood pressure etc.

Adrenal medulla

Inner part of the adrenal gland

makes chemicals such as adrenaline and noradrenaline

Noradrenaline

naturally occurring chemical in the body that acts as a hormone, neurotransmitter and neuromodulator

part of the flight or fight responses to increase heart rate

Pineal gland

conical mass in the third ventricle of the brain

secretion and production of melatonin

Melatonin

Hormone that regulates sleep wake cycle and the bodies 24 hour circadian rhythm

Thyroid

located in the throat and produces thyroxine

Thyroxine

regulates the body’s metabolic rate and protein synthesis

Ovaries

female reproductive organ where eggs and hormones are produced

testes

male reproductive organ that produces spermatozoa (male reproductive cells)