Enzyme Reactions and Inhibition

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to enzyme reactions, mechanisms of inhibition, molecular interactions, and protein kinetics.

GAPDH Reaction

A biochemical pathway involving substrate binding, oxidation, molecule swap, and final product formation (1,3-BPG).

Chymotrypsin

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, with a mechanism involving substrate binding, two intermediates, and product release.

Acid-base catalysis

A type of chemical catalysis where proton transfer occurs to facilitate reaction.

Covalent catalysis

A mechanism of chemical catalysis involving the formation of a transient covalent bond between the enzyme and the substrate.

Metal-ion catalysis

Mechanism involving metal cofactors that aid in charge stabilization during catalysis.

Michaelis-Menten kinetics

A model describing the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that produce a hyperbolic plot of reaction velocity versus substrate concentration.

Competitive inhibitors

Substances that bind to the active site of an enzyme, hindering substrate binding and increasing Km without affecting Vmax.

Uncompetitive inhibitors

Inhibitors that bind to an enzyme-substrate complex, reducing both Km and Vmax.

Mixed inhibitors

Compounds that act as both competitive and uncompetitive inhibitors, affecting Vmax and potentially increasing or decreasing Km.

Dissociation constant (Kd)

A measure of the affinity of a ligand for a protein, with lower Kd values indicating higher affinity.

Deoxyhemoglobin HbS

A form of hemoglobin responsible for polymer formation under low oxygen conditions, causing sickle cell disease.

Coenzyme-dependent reactions

Reactions that require coenzymes for electron transfer in energy conversion processes.

Metabolite transformation reactions

Enzyme-mediated processes that involve the conversion of substrates into different metabolites.

Reversible covalent modifications

Changes made to enzymes that can be reversed, often impacting activity in regulatory or signaling pathways.