Effective Communication, Interpersonal Communication, and Health Education Principles

Flashcards on Effective Communication, Interpersonal Communication, and Health Education Principles

Effective communication

The ability to use appropriate language, ensure client understanding, develop relationships, relieve anxiety, aid recall, and provide feedback to promote personal and public health. Essential in health sciences.

Interpersonal Communication Model

A communication model involving a sender, receiver, message, feedback, and potential interference (physical or psychological).

Sender

The person who initiates the conversation.

Receiver

The listener who interprets and transmits messages.

Message

The message the receiver interprets simultaneously, both verbal and non-verbal.

Feedback

A process of responding to messages after interpreting them.

Interference

Factors affecting the interpretation of messages, such as room size, noise, or the communicator's physiological state.

Encoding

Converting the message into a transmittable form.

Decoding

Interpreting the message.

Context

The environment where communication occurs.

Noise

Any factor disrupting the message.

Verbal communication (effective)

Promoting a supportive climate where the receiver listens and attends to the message, avoiding a defensive climate.

Supportive communication climate (Descriptive)

State matters honestly and objectively, rather than judging attitudes.

Supportive communication climate (Problem-oriented)

Give the client time to share reactions and solutions, don't direct them.

Supportive communication climate (Provisional)

Offer alternatives to consider, avoiding dogmatic statements.

Supportive communication climate (Empathetic)

Indicate a willingness to understand concerns, instead of acting superior.

Paraphrasing

Repeating what someone is saying in your own words to ensure understanding.

Non-verbal communication

Appearance, personal space, signals/gestures, facial expression, tone of voice, eye contact, touch, posture.

Improving listening skills

Remember to listen, be objective, watch for non-verbal clues, take your time, find the real meaning, and respond to confirm understanding.

Negotiation skills

A process where parties exchange goods or services, attempting to agree on the exchange rate.

Steps in Negotiation

Prepare, define rules, clarify positions, bargain, and close.

Techniques for Effective Communication

Active listening, clear messaging, non-verbal awareness, and cultural sensitivity.

Interpersonal Communication

Fundamental skill in healthcare involving the exchange of information, feelings, and meaning through verbal and non-verbal messages.

Importance of Communication in Healthcare

Enhances patient satisfaction, builds trust, facilitates accurate diagnosis, and reduces errors.

Types of interpersonal communication

Verbal, nonverbal, written, and listening.

Listening

An active attempt to understand and engage with another person.

Primary Health Care Re-orientation

Shift from focusing on physical/biological aspects to patient-centered care.

Primary Health Care Principles

Principles include accessibility, appropriate technology, health promotion, public participation, and collaboration.

Comprehensive healthcare interventions

Designed to benefit and protect individuals' health and quality of life through advocacy, enabling, and mediation.

Millennium Development Goals

Eradicate poverty, achieve education, promote gender equality, reduce child mortality, improve maternal health, combat diseases, ensure sustainability, and develop global partnerships.

Health Promotion Program

Designed to increase control over and improve health, covering social and environmental interventions.

Aims of Health Education

Health promotion and disease prevention, utilization of health services, and early diagnosis.

Primary prevention

Improving population health traditionally intended for communities with limited resources.

Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

Policy, supportive environments, community action, personal skills, and re-orient health services.

Health Promotion in South Africa (SA)

Actions to promote national identity, comprehensive health care, housing, and food security based on collaboration.

Needs and Asset Assessment

Discussions, surveys, and community meetings to assess community strengths and assets.

SMART goals

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-based.

RE-AIM FRAMEWORK

Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance.

Purpose of RE-AIM Framework

Enhance quality, speed, and impact of public health projects.

Key concepts in successful community projects

Human orientation, participation, empowerment, ownership, release, learning, adaptiveness, simplicity.

Proposed IHL project purpose

To enhance all IHL students’ academic performance through mentorship and monitoring.

Health Education (WHO Definition)

Informing, educating, and empowering citizens to improve health literacy and develop life skills.

Health Education activities

Activities in schools, workplaces, clinics, and communities including healthy eating, physical activity, and disease prevention.

Structured Teaching Plan

A structured teaching plan provides a clear framework with learning objectives, content, methods, materials, and assessment.

Types of Health Education Material

Lectures, discussions, online videos, role-playing, and physical items for active processing.

Principles of Effective Health Education

Simplicity, cultural sensitivity, and primary healthcare principles.

Targeted health education

Relevant to the target population requiring a common approach to reach all members.

Tailored health education

Relevant to one specific person characteristic related to the person outcome of interest.

Designing Health Education Material

Content relevant, reduced cognitive load, appropriate language, organization, layout, and illustrations.

Dual Channels Principle

Choosing an appropriate communication medium to balance visual and auditory channels.

Limited Capacity Principle

Using small chunks of information to enhance understanding of concepts.

Active Processing Principle

Encouraging activities during or after the lecture to reinforce learning.

Content design Health Education Material

Purpose is clearly stated to focus on behaviour, asking questions and encouraging involvement.

Language consideration in Health Education Material design

Using everyday spoken language, avoiding jargon, abbreviations, and judgmental tone.

Organization in Health Education Material design

Organizing information to place most critical parts at the beginning in bullet points.

Layout and typography considerations in Health Education Material design

Using a minimum 12 font size and high contrast to emphasize key points.

Illustration considerations in Health Education Material design

Ensure they will enhance the reader's uderstanding using, simple line drawings.

Health (WHO definition)

The state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.

Morbidity

The condition of being ill, diseased, or unhealthy.

Mortality

The condition of being dead.

Ottawa Charter key action

Public policies that support health, create supportive environments, and strengthen community action.

Basic strategies for health promotion

Advocate, enable, and mediate.

Specific strategies for Health Promotion in South Africa

Policy, advocacy, settings approach, education, and re-orienting health services.

Setting apporach Health promotion

Focuses attention where health is promoted and sustained.

Why are school a valuable setting for health promotion?

A valuable setting because they reach large portions of the population (learners, school and community perssonel)

Health communication services

Health promotion as a community service that should involve outreach into health districts.

Health communication promotion

Health promotion as having clear communication lines using mass media, marketing, and community mobilisation

Sustainable development goals

Have economic and environmental factors, and are congruent with the African Position on the post-2015 agenda.

Goal of the SDGs

Universal vision of progress toward a safe, just and sustainable space.

Focus areas of SDGs

Ending poverty and hunger, ensuring health, promoting education and gender equality.

SDG Goal 1

Poverty eradication: ensuring access to secure resources for people

SDG Goal 2

Ending all forms of malnutrition to promote ensure food security.

SDG Goal 3

Promoting well-being for all, end new born deaths/diseases.

SDG Goal 4

Equal education opportunities to promote literacy and numeracy.

SDG Goal 5

Providing women with full and effective participation against discrimmination.

SDG Goal 6

Having universal and equal access to safe water

SDG Goal 7

Ensuring Sustainable Development Goal energy supply and technology for service deliver.

SDG Goal 8

Promoting decent work for equality and productiviyt

SDG Goal 9

Building infrastructure for economic development with quality.

SDG Goal 10

Reduce inequality by promoting policies or fiscal plans in all levels of society.

SDG Goal 11

Ensure access for all to adequate and safe services around the world

SDG Goal 12

Ensure sustainable use of resources in all regions by making responsible decisions to the public eye

SDG Goal 13

Take action to address climate and human impact on a global scale

SDG Goal 14

Using ocean, seas and marine ecosystem to promote human development

SDG Goal 15

Sustainably promoting forest and diversity of natural ecosystem.s

SDG Goal 16

Promote equal justice and reduce criminal activity for society stability

SDG Goal 17

Strengthen global partnerships for global prosperity of countries and people of the world.

Precede-Proceed model

Comprehensive model used to assess, design, implement, and evaluate health needs.

Proceed framework interventions

Provide intervention steps to change behavior by cultural or circumstances.

Proceed Phase 6 - Evaluation

Community involvement and use of resources

Proceed Phase 7- Evauation

Measuring changes in health (short term)

Proceed Phase 8- Evaluation

Is your intervention leading to desired results? (Quality of life?)

Health Belief Model

Psychosocial model based on belief to help people to management their health issues

Perceived Susceptibility in HBM

Beliefs on potentiality of the disease (what are the risks?)

Perceived Servereity in HBM

How the disease impacts personal well-being

Perceived Benefits in HBM

Positive outcome for behavioral change

Perceived Barriers in HBM

the psychological costs associated with behavioural change

Cues in HBM

seeing a recent occurrence to change behaviour

Self Efficacy in HBM

Having confidence to change and maintain healthy action

Definition of primary health care (Alma-Ata)

Universally accepted and scientifically accepted methods of health service delivery that are affordable to sustain.