Developmental Counseling

Rob is obsessively clean and orderly. He complains bitterly about his roommates who are sloppy and disorganized. He stopped dating, Nancy, because she had a cat and cat hair was on her furniture. He is also very tight with his money. His girl-friends complain that he is stingy. He is precise about his dress and grooming. His mother states, “I love my son, but he is so obstinate. He is also extremely pedantic and finicky. My present husband tells me that he objects most to Rob’s passive-aggressive behaviors. Freudians would say that Rob has an

a. Oral Fixation

b. Anal-Expulsive Personality

c. Phallic Fixation

d. Anal-Retentive Personality

e. None of the above

D. Anal-Retentive Personality

Keith has the X linked recessive condition that results in build-up of uric acid in the body due to a faulty enzyme. The condition induces a variety of neurological symptoms, facial grimacing, involuntary writhing, and repetitive movements of the arms and legs early in Keith's life. He began to develop gout, poor muscle control, and in the second year of his life severe self-mutilating behaviors (finger and lip biting). Keith's caregivers found it necessary to remove some of his teeth and provide him with a mouth guard as well as a helmet for the boy's protection. The prognosis for Keith is poor and his biological family no longer comes to the facility to see the boy. Death in this condition is usually due to renal failure in the first or second decade of life. This condition is called? 

a.        X-linked Hemophilia      

b.         Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

c.         Fabry Disease

d.   Hunter’s syndrome

e.         X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy

B. Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

Mary, a two year old, has snatched away a toy from her younger brother, Joseph, aged one. Joseph begins to cry and whine. Mary stomps out of the room and tells her mother, NO, when told to return the toy to her brother. This selfish and spiteful behavior is innate and needs to be controlled according to which theorist?

            a.         Hobbes     

            b.         Rousseau

            c.          Locke

            d.         Bandura

            e.         None of the above

 

A. Hobbes

Jan, a three-year-old girl is very shy and retiring. In her preschool, she has few friends and rarely approaches another child to play. She is very quiet, and her teachers find her somewhat withdrawn. Although not a problem in class, her preschool teacher, Ms. Susa states, “I am worried about Jan. She is a pleasant child one on one but is so quiet and timid. When I ask her if she wants to do play with another child or do things that I know she would enjoy she often hesitates.” Jan is likely a ______________ child.

a.         Slow to warm-up child

b.         Easy child

c.         Difficult child

d.         Introverted child

e.         None of the above

A. Slow-to-warm-up child

Eric, a 25-year-old man, is struggling with his relationship with his girlfriend, Amelia. She wants to get married and have a child. Eric’s family does not like Amelia, nor does Amelia’s family approve of Eric. Amelia wants to return to medical school to become a pediatrician (she is presently working in a bank.) Eric has worked in several jobs since finishing his bachelor’s degree in business. He was recently laid off at a factory where he had a floor supervisors’ position. He really doesn’t know what career to pursue. Although he knows he loves Amelia and wants to be with her he is not sure he is ready to commit to marriage right now.  Which of Erickson’s stages is this person illustrating?

            a.         stagnation vs trust

            b.         identity vs role confusion

            c.          generativity vs stagnation

            d.         intimacy vs isolation

            e.         none of the above

D. intimacy vs isolation

Caroline, a 53-year-old woman, began to have slurred speech and difficulty walking. Although her friends believed that she was using illegal medications, this was not the case. As her condition worsened, Caroline began to have mood swings, depression and irritability. Later in the process, she had abnormal facial grimaces and body movements that appeared to be jerky and dance-like. After fifteen years of disability, Caroline became physically incapacitated and bed bound. Her mental capacity was so diminished that she was non-verbal and unresponsive. She died six months later in a nursing facility for persons with severe disability. Caroline likely died of

            a.         Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

            b.         Phenylketonuria

            c.         Huntington’s disease

            d.         Angelman’s Syndrome

            e.         None of the above

C. Huntington’s Disease

Kate is torn. She feels she should volunteer time on the weekends to the hospice program, but she also would like to hang out with her friends and have a good time. She decides to spend Sundays at the hospice and Saturdays with her friends. According to Freud, Kate’s  __________ helped her reach this compromise.

            a.         id

            b.         superego

            c.          libido

            d.         ego

            e.         none of the above

D. Ego

Timothy, a boy of 11 years, is of short stature and extremely overweight. The boy had difficulty at birth. He was floppy and had poor muscle tone. He was underweight and trouble with the sucking reflex. At 11, Timothy has poor motor skills, underdeveloped sexual organs, and is substantially overweight. Timothy has cognitive problems, learning disabilities, and mild intellectual disability. He is irritable, easily distracted and extremely difficult to control when thwarted. In addition, he complains of having overwhelming feelings of hunger, regardless of the amount of food he has consumed. His mother states, “Timothy is going to eat himself to death. We have a lock of the refrigerator. He is so agitated when I limit his eating. He will eat things that are not really appealing if we let him, uncooked flour and raw bacon. What is wrong with my son?”

            a.         Patau Syndrome

            b.         Trisomy 21

            c.         Angelman’s Syndrome

            d.         Prader-Willi Syndrome

            e.         None of the above

D. Prader-Willi Syndrome

According to Vygotsky, the most significant moment in (the) course of intellectual development, which gives birth to purely human forms of practical and abstract intelligence, when two previously completely independent lines of development converge is when

            a.         children begin to develop critical thinking

            b.         children recognize their independence

            c.         children acquire language and speech

            d.         children learn abstract thinking skills

            e.         none of the above

C. Children acquire language and speech

Mr. Jones has a mitochondrial disorder. Mrs. Jones does not have this condition. The Jones have two daughters, Angie and Tammy. They have twin boys Marcus and Sam. The Jones have been married for 15 years. Which of the following is true?

a.         Tammy and Angie, his daughters, have the disease

b.         Marcus and Sam, his sons are carriers of the disease

c.         Marcus and Sam have the disease, but Tammy is a carrier.

d.         All of his children have the disease

e.         None of the above

E. None of the Above

Nathan, five years old, has grown very curious about all the things around him. He asks his mom, “Why is the sky blue? Why is the grass green? Why does granddaddy have hair on his face?” Nathan is also using his newly emerged reasoning skills. He reasoning skills prompt him to try to understand why things are the way they are. Nathan is in which Piaget stage?

a.         Intuitive stage

b.         Preconceptual stage

c.         Secondary Circular Reactions stage

d.         Internalization of Schemas stage

e.         None of the Above

A. Intuitive Stage

Timothy, a boy of 11 years, is of short stature and extremely overweight. The boy had difficulty at birth. He was floppy and had poor muscle tone. He was underweight and had trouble with the sucking reflex. At 11, Timothy has poor motor skills, underdeveloped sexual organs, and is substantially overweight. Timothy has cognitive problems, learning disabilities, and mild intellectual disability. He is irritable, easily distracted and extremely difficult to control when thwarted. In addition, he complains of having overwhelming feelings of hunger, regardless of the amount of food he has consumed. His mother states, “Timothy is aggressive and difficult to control. He became angry with me one evening and I found him standing over my bed with a knife. He fights with his sister (13) and causes her to be so afraid of him that she stays at my mother’s house as often as we allow. He throws tantrums when he doesn't get his way. . What is wrong with my son?”

a.         Phenylketonuria

b.         Trisomy 21

c.         Angelman’s Syndrome

d.         Huntington’s disease

e.         None of the above

E. None of the above

Robert, a 15-year-old child, is disruptive in school, fights often, and has been in juvenile detention for theft, assault, and underage drinking. Robert, an adolescent of about 6’1” and 180 pounds, is physically attractive and has a measured IQ of 125. He has no other diagnosed psychological problems besides with ODD and CD. He states that all his problems have occurred because of his disruptive home, his abusive father, alcoholic mother and his poverty ridden community. Robert states, “I am a good and intuitive person ruined by society.” Robert supports the beliefs of

            a.         Watson

            b.         Rousseau

            c.         Locke

            d.         Hobbes

            e.         None of these answers

B. Rousseau

If an infant has an easygoing demeanor, his or her parents/caregivers will likely respond favorably to the child most of the time, which in turn will increase the infant’s security and confidence and cause the parents/caregivers to treat the child even more favorably. This is an example of

            a.         autonomy.

            b.         reciprocal interactions.

            c.         attachment expectations.

            d.         synchrony.

.           e..        none of the above

B. Reciprocal Interactions

Molly states that she just does not know what to do with Ginny her infant daughter. “Ginny is just not what I expected. She is so quiet and shy. I am outgoing and love people, but she withdraws around everyone but me. She is so clingy and whiny. I hate to say this, but I really don’t like my own child!”  Molly’s issue is explained by

            a.         Selective Responsiveness

            b.         Goodness of Fit

            c.         Goleman’s Axiom

            d.         Gerard’s Hypothesis

B. Goodness of Fit

Archie can hop, climb steps alternating his feet, and jump from the bottom step. He unable to skip, pedal a wheeled toy, catch a ball, balance on one foot, walk a balance beam or hop for 50 feet. Archie can copy circles and scribbles efficiently. He is unable to hold a pencil, copy squares, form letters or color in the lines when asked. Although he can feed himself, he cannot eat neatly. Archie is a

a.         Two year old child

b.         Three year old child

c.         One year old child

d.         Five year old child

e.         None of the above

B. Three Year old child

Blake is teaching his six-year-old son to ride a two-wheeled bicycle. Initially, he has his son just sit on the bike and try to balance. Then he pushes the bike around the yard with his son sitting on it. When his son becomes more confident, Blake lets go of the bike for short distances, but catches it before his son falls. Blake is using _____________ to help his son learn to ride.

            a.         accommodation

            b.         assimilation

            c.          functional invariants

            d.         scaffolding

D. Scaffolding

Bob, thirty-five, is a slob who lives in an apartment that is filled with empty beer cans and pizza boxes. He appears disheveled most days when he goes to work. He is sloppy and slovenly and his work desk shows his lack of care. His girlfriends have generally left him because of his untidy appearance, his disorganization and his chaotic lifestyle. His boss tolerates him because his father owns the company. Bob’s mom states, “Oh little Bob has always been a problem, reckless, careless and defiant since he was a toddler.” If you were a Freudian you would say that Bob has

a.             Oral Fixation

b.             Anal-Expulsive Personality

c.             Phallic Fixation

d.             Anal-Retentive Personality

None of the above

B. Anal-Expulsive Personality

Devon, 9 months, a child of average physical and cognitive development has always been slow to adapt to new situations. His mother says, “Devon has always overreacted to new situations and to any kind of stimuli. He has intense reactions and is bothered when things change in the routine. He has bowel difficulties, one minute constipation and the other diarrhea. He is hard to feed, because I never know what he will eat. He wakes up at 5 am one morning, 10 am another and then at 7 am the next day.” Devon also displays a low threshold of sensory reaction and a rather negative mood. You assume that Devon is a

            a.         Slow to warm up child

            b.         Difficult child

            c.         Easy child

            d.         Borderline child

            e.         None of the above

B. Difficult child

Mike has had an unpleasant day. He missed his train into the city and was late to work. He missed an important meeting and was yelled and threatened by his boss. He missed lunch because he was trying to play catchup all day from being late. He went to the machine in the break room and lost his money trying to by a coke and Cheetos. He stayed later than usual to finish an assignment at work and his wife called him telling him to hurry home because their son had been written up at school and they needed to talk about the meeting with the teacher the next day. When Mike got home his dinner was cold and a chicken dish that he did not like much. Mike slammed the door to the bedroom and screamed at his son. He aimed a kick at the dog who was too quick for him so he missed and hit the chair breaking his toe. The day ended with Mike yelling at his wife for the miserable day he had. This demonstrates which Freudian defense mechanisms?

            a.         displacement

            b.         intellectualization

            c.         projection

            d.         reaction formation

            e.         none of the above

 

A. Displacement

Janice, a five-year-old, has developed extensive power over her motor skills. She is more and more engaged in social interactions with others. She is learning a balance between eagerness for more adventure and more responsibility. She is trying to control her impulses and attempting to differentiate between reality and her childish fantasies. Because her caregivers are encouraging she has learned to accept responsibility without excessive guilt and is involved in using her imagination and active role playing or make-believe games. Which stage of Erickson’s model is she demonstrating:

a.         Competence vs. Inferiority

b.         Trust vs. Mistrust

c.         Autonomy vs Doubt

d.         Initiative vs Guilt

e.         None of the above

D. Initiative vs Guilt

Carl was born with a very small head, small wide-set eyes, and a small lower jaw and mouth. He has digestive tract problems and poor feeding behaviors. He has clenched fists with overlapping fingers, so that he does not suck his thumb. Carl had a heart defect and was also plagued with periodic seizures. Although Carl survived birth, he was unable to survive to his first birth day. Carl likely suffered from the developmental condition: 

a.         Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome)

b.         Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome)

c.         Trisomy 21 (Downs Syndrome)

d.         Trisomy 8 (Warkany Syndrome 2)

e.         None of the above

A. Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome)

Oliver a two year old child attributes human-creating to all things, the sky, the moon, the sun, animals, and the tree outside his window. His mother is disturbed by his ideas, but we know that this passing phase of preoperational thought is called

a.         Artificialism

b.         Animism

c.          Representationism

d.         Realism

e.         Dawism

A. Artificialism

Chaim, an eight-year-old boy, living in Israel with is devout Hassidic family, has an X linked condition.  Chiam has a hearing impairment from this condition and also visual loss from retinitis pigmentosa. The boy has coarse facial features, an enlarged liver and spleen, skeletal changes, joint stiffness, short neck, broad chest, and large head. Chiam has also been diagnosed with IDD. What is this condition.

            a.         Kleefstra Syndrome

            b.         Jacobsen  Syndrome

            c.         Turner’s Syndrome

            d.         Fabry Disease

            e.         None of the above

E. None of the above

Sandy, a child of 18 months, has developed the ability to understand that if an object is gone from her sight, it is not really gone. Sandy understands that objects take up space and that all actions have consequences, causality. Sandy also understands the idea of time sequences, or one thing follows another. Piaget would indicate that Sandy is in which stage of Sensory Motor Development?

            a.         Stage 5

            b.         Stage 6

            c.         Stage 3

            d.         Stage 2

B. Stage 6

According to Erickson, development occurs by predetermined unfolding of personalities in eight stages. The progress is partially determined by our success or lack of success in all previous stages.  Each of these tasks occur at an optimal time for each of these tasks and must be addressed at those stages. If the stage is successfully managed at that point the person achieves a certain “virtue” or psychosocial strength for their future development. He calls this
a.         Competency principle

b.         Integrity principle

c.         Epigenetic principle

d.         Existential principle

e.         None of the above

C. Epigenetic Principle

Meg decides to teach her dog, Bo, to roll over. She rewards him for successive approximations of the rolling behavior. Then, when he masters the trick, Meg rewards him each time he performs the behavior with a food treat. After a day of rewarding him each time, Meg begins to reward Bo after each tenth time he performs the trick. This is an example of

a.             Fixed interval

b.             Variable ratio

c.             Fixed ratio

d.             Variable interval

None of the above

A. Fixed Interval

At eight years old, Kim was first abused by her uncle and his best friend. The abuse occurred for over two years until the abuse was discovered by her father who killed both men in the girl’s presence. Kim was also sexually attacked in high school when she went to a party at one of her friend’s houses. There was a lot of alcohol consumed and Kim felt guilty that she had gone to the party. She never mentioned the incident to her mother, because of her guilt and her previous experiences. In college, Kim was drugged at a fraternity party and found herself in the bed of what she thought was a male friend being sexually attacked. Kim did not remember any of the abuse until she began therapy at age 30 years. She began to see a therapist after a car accident that caused her to have a flash back. Freud would consider putting traumatic experiences into the unconscious:

            a.         Repression

            b.         Regression

            c.         Rationalization

            d.         Reaction Formation

            e.         None of the above

A. Repression

Maria, a two-year-old girl, focuses on the furryness of objects to the neglect of other important qualities about them. Her dog is furry, and she identifies all animals and furry objects as doggy. For this reason the family cat is doggy, as is her stuffed bear. This is the preoperational mechanism called what?

a.         Egocentrism

      b.         Centration

      c.         Classification

      d.         Conservation

      e.         All of the above

B. Centration

Henry has Kearns-Sayre syndrome, a mitochondrial syndrome causing hearing loss and eye problems. He has two children, Millie and Allie. His sister, Shelia also has Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Shelia has two children, Anthony and Brian. Which of the following is true?

            a.         Millie and Allie have Kearns-Sayre syndrome.

            b.         Anthony has the condition and Allie is a carrier of Kearns-Sayre syndrome

            c.         Anthony and Brian have Kearns-Sayre syndrome

            d.         Millie and Allie are carriers, whereas Brian and Anthony are unaffected.

            e.         None of the above

C. Anthony and Brian have Kearns-Sayre syndrome

Three-year-old Tara is concentrating mightily on making a picture for her granddad. She is clutching a crayon in her little fist and swirling loops on her paper and connecting them with lines. She will later tell him it’s a picture of her and her dog. This type of drawing is called

            a.         egocentric imagery.

            b.         random scribbling.

            c.         controlled scribbling.

            d.         conservative representation

              e.         none of the above

C. Controlled scribbling

Betsy, a 12 month old, was a participant in the strange situation experiment. When her mother was separated from her, she did not cry. She avoided her mother when she reentered the room. In fact, her mother, a person with paranoid schizophrenia, seemed to actively dislike Betsy and did little to interact with her. Betsy can be classified as

a.         Avoidantly attached

b.         Ambivalently attached

c.         Securely attached

d          Disorganized/disoriented attached

e.         None of the above

A. Avoidantly Attached

Adrian was born with an opening in a portion of her spine in which the cord protrudes thru the back and is covered by a thin membrane of tissue. Adrian has a type of spina bifida called what?

            a.         Meningocele

            b.         Anencephaly

            c.          Spina Bifida Occulta

            d.         Myelomeningocele

            e.         None of the above

D. Myelomeningocele

Which of the following children would be considered to be ambivalently attached?

            a.         Cedric, who cries when his mother leaves and actively seeks her out when she returns.

            b.         Marion, who seems indifferent to her mother’s departure and her return

            c.         Carlos, who seems uncertain about his mother’s departure and her return

                        d.         Allyson, who cries when her mother leaves, but seems to both seek and avoid contact upon her return

                        e..        none of the above

D. Allyson, who cries when her mother leaves, but seems to both seek and avoid contact upon her return

Ted, a six year old, comes home from school and is clearly upset. One of Ted’s friends is angry with him because of something he did on the playground. Ted tells his mother his problems and begins to softly cry. Ted’s brother, Micah, a three year old, goes and gets Ted the blanket that Micah carries around when he is upset or fearful. Ted takes the blanket and continues to be sad and tearful. Micah cannot understand why Ted is still upset, since he now has Micah’s special comfort blanket. This is an example of Micah’s:

a.         Animism

b.         Artificialism

c.         Egocentrism

d.         Realism

e.         None of the above

 

C. Egocentrism

According to Erickson, if a developmental stage is not as well managed, maladaptations

            and malignancies that can endanger all our future development may emerge. Sarah has been sheltered by her parents and is extremely dependent upon them. She is also extremely dependent on her partner for direction in every day life. Erickson would indicate which of the following about Sarah that she has 

a.     the worst of the two issues.

b.     a condition in which she is unable to trust other people.

c.     condition that involves too little of the positive & too much of the negative aspect of a task.

d. a condition in which she trusts other people too much

D. A condition in which she trusts other people too much

Mark has a sharp and biting wit. He is acerbic and caustic in his remarks when he interacts in a conversation. Mark smokes cigars incessantly and has a nasty cough. Your friend who is a Freudian states that

a.         Mark has an Anal Retentive Personality

b.         Mark has an Anal Expulsive Personality

c.         Mark has an Oedipus Complex

d.         Mark has a Oral Fixation

e.         Mark has Acidosis Syndrome

D. Mark has a Oral Fixation

Penny, a three year old girl is very shy and retiring. In her preschool, she has few friends and rarely approaches another child to play. She is very quiet and her teachers find her somewhat withdrawn. Although not a problem in class, her preschool teacher, Ms. Susa states, “I am worried about Marcie. She is a pleasant child one on one, but is so quiet and timid. When I ask her if she wants to do play with another child or do things that I know she would enjoy she often hesitates.” Penny is likely a ______________ child.

a.         Difficult child

b.         Easy child

c.         Slow to warm-up child

d.         Ambivalent child

e.         None of the above

C. Slow-to-warm-up child

Identify which of the following are true of brain development in the neonate.

            a.         The brain of the fetus has over one million brain cells.

            b.         The brain of the fetus is producing at the rate of 50,000 cells per day.

            c.          All the synapses formed prior to birth stay in place into adulthood.

            d.         In the fetus, brain cells develop in the correct areas of the brain and stay there.

            e.         None of the above

E. None of the above

The Sensorimotor stage of development is to Piaget is to the Oral state is to Freud, and as what stage is to Erickson?

            a.         integrity versus despair

            b.         trust vs mistrust

            c.         stagnation vs generativity

            d.         identity vs role confusion

            e.         none of the above

B. Trust vs mistrust

The term equilibration refers to

            a.         emphasizing the equality between racial groups

            b.         a function of the balancing conscious and unconscious thought

            c.         essential function of operant conditioning

            d.         the balance between assimilation and accommodation

            e.         none of the above

D. The balance between assimilation and accommodation

Oliver goes to the Blue Moon Casino to play the slot machines. The first time that he puts in his quarter he receives three quarters in return. Oliver begins to eagerly play the slot machine. What Oliver does not realize is that this machine is programed to pay quarters after different numbers of lever pulls that range around five pulls and at a rate ranging around ten quarters as pay amount on each pay off. Oliver is soon hooked on his machine and spends $150.00 in quarters. This is a

a.             Fixed interval

b.             Variable ratio

c.             Fixed ratio

d.             Variable interval

None of the above

B. Variable Ratio

Josh, a ten year old boy, has been watching his older brother practice putting together a disassembled piece of machinery. Josh has been paying close attention to what Seth did when assembling the item. Josh has the ability to remember what Josh did and remembers the steps his brother took to assemble the machine. Although Josh would like to put together such a machine himself, Josh does not have the physical strength or the dexterity at his age to complete such a task. Josh is unable to do complete which of Bandura’s requirements?

            a.         attention

            b.         retention

            c.         production

            d.         motivation

            e.         none of the above

C. Production

Anthony Thomas, 11 years, is the oldest of four children. Tony’s parents divorced when he was eight years old, primarily due to his father’s alcoholism and drug addiction. His mother is pursuing a business degree online, works at Walmart part-time, and serves as a CNA at a local nursing home. Tony has many responsibilities in the home. He prepares food for his siblings, makes them complete homework, cleans the house, and even goes to the corner store for food on occasion. Tony has become his mother, Maria’s confidant and source of strength. Maria tells her son her problems, her fears, and her anxiety. Tony no longer feels like a child, but the man of the house. Tony has become what?

            a.         parentified child

            b.         hyper-mature child

            c.         responsible child

            d.         dependable child

            e.         resilient child

A. Parentified Child

Carlotta is an eight month old from Lima, Peru, whereas Su Hi is an seven month old from Peking, China. Carlotta’s mother responds to and repeats the sounds her daughter makes that most closely resemble Spanish. Su Hi’s mom responds to her daughter when she makes sounds that are used in Chinese. Both children learn to repeat the sounds common to their native language. These sounds are the unique ______________ of their native language.

a.         Phonology

b.         Syntax

c.         Pragmatics

d.         Semantics

e.         None of the above

A. Phonology

Andrew, 2 years, understands many of the words that his mom says to him. He can recognize about 250 words that she says to him. He only has about 10 words that he can use correctly. Sarah, 3 years, understands almost 900 words that are said to her. She can use about 220 words to talk with her parents. Which of the following is true?

a.    Andrew has a receptive vocabulary of 250 words.

b.    Sarah has an expressive vocabulary of 900 words.

c.     Andrew has an expressive vocabulary of 220 words.

d.    Sarah has a receptive vocabulary of 10 words.

e. None of the above.

A. Andrew has a receptive vocabulary of 250 words

Concetta, a three-year-old, has learned many Italian words and can construct sentences in Italian. Although she knows many English words, she still has difficulty constructing English sentences. Antonetta, the child’s grandmother who is from Italy keeps the child during the week while her parents work. Concetta has learned the _______ of Italian before she learns it in English.

a.         Syntax

b.         Semantics

c.         Phonology

d.         Vocables

e.         None of the above

A. Syntax

Harry has a deletion or inactivation of genes at Chromosome 15, which can cause one of two conditions. Because his father is the donor of this gene mutation, Harry has developed the condition Prater Willi syndrome which

         a.            is characterized by hyperpigmentation, cutaneous, and subcutaneous tumors.

         b.            was once called “happy puppet” syndrome

         c.            is characterized by uncontrolled hunger and an insatiable appetite.

         d.            is characterized by deficiency of a blood protein “clotting factor" necessary to stop bleeding.

            e.         none of the above

C. is characterized by uncontrolled hunger and an insatiable appetite

Karen is a person with Taylor-Berne disease. She marries and has four children with Fred who does not have Taylor-Berne disease. Taylor-Berne disease is autosomal dominate. You would expect which of the following combination to occur by chance.

a.         two children have  Taylor-Berne disease and two children do not have Taylor-Berne disease

b.         none of the children have Taylor-Berne disease

c.         two children carry Taylor-Berne disease, a child has Taylor-Berne disease, and an child does not have Taylor-Berne disease

d.         all the children have Taylor-Berne disease

e.         none of the above

A. 2 children have Taylor-Berne disease and two children do not have Taylor-Berne disease

Wesley and Cara have two children. They believe in maintaining firm control over their children, and provide disciplinary measures when necessary, but they also try to talk to their children as much as possible and explain the reasoning behind their actions. This type of parenting style is what Baumrind referred to as

a.         authoritarian.

b.         restrictive.

c.         overinvolved.

d.         authoritative

D. Authoritative

Theory of mind in developmental research looks into the

            a.         relationship between children’s growing awareness of their own thoughts and how this affects their behavior.

            b.         relationship between children’s age and their maturational levels.

            c.         observable behaviors exhibited by children.

            d.         the environmental influences on children’s development.

             e.         none of the above

A. Relationship between children’s growing awareness of their own thoughts and how this affects their behavior

In Barb’s reading class, the children are learning about how nouns, verbs, adjectives, and prepositions go together to form sentences. Barb and her class are learning about

            a.         syntax.

            b.         pragmatics.

            c.         semantics.

            d.         phonology.

            e.         none of the above

A. Syntax

Sally has learned that her house pet is a “doggy.” When she sees a horse for the first time, she identifies the horse as a “doggy.” This irregularity of speech is called

            a.         holophrastic speech.

            b.         overregularities.

            c.         overextension.

            d.         telegraphic speech.

            e.         none of the above

C. Overextension

Adrian, 4, is taking in new information about his environment. He assimilates this information. His cognitive changes result in accommodation, which refers to a modification of his cognitive structures (schemas) to deal with new information. Piaget indicated that the balance between assimilation and accommodation is called what?

            a.         Equilibration

            b.         Counterbalancing

            c.         Balance theory

            d.         Equalizing schema

            e.         Stabilizing thought

A. Equilibration

Caroline, 3 years, is a child with a developmental disorder. She is developmentally delayed in motor skills, having difficulty in walking, standing and sitting. She has a limited expressive vocabulary and has significant speech problems. Caroline is easily distracted, has a short attention span, and engages in self-stimulating and compulsive behaviors. The child’s face shows significant stigmata with hypertelorism, ptosis, epicanthal folds, a broad nasal bridge, V shaped mouth, and small low-set ears rotated backward. Dr. Edwards, the geneticist, states, “Caroline has ______________ syndrome, a condition that is caused by a loss of genetic material from chromosome 11. This is a replication error that occurs during cell division, rather than an inherited condition.” This condition is called?

a.         Kleefstra Syndrome

b.         Jacobsen Syndrome

c.         Turner’s Syndrome

d.         Fabry Disease

e.         None of the above

B. Jacobsen Syndrome

This condition is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States. It causes episodes of pain, anemia, increased susceptibility to infection. In hemolytic crises the red blood cells break down and in aplastic crises, bone marrow fails to product blood cells. People from a number of countries have this condition, but is more common in the U.S. in persons of African American or Hispanic ancestry. The disease is life threating and can cause stroke. This condition is.

            a.         Huntington’s Disease

            b.         Jacobsen  Syndrome

            c.         Tay-Sachs Disease

            d.         Sickle Cell Disease

            e.         None of the above

D. Sickle Cell Disease

Thomas, a seven-year old child begins to develop a sense of self. Like other children in the latter part of early childhood, ages 5 and on, Thomas is beginning to evaluate himself based on what? 
a.         their physical characteristics.
b.         the tangible objects around them.
c.         their family interactions.
d.         self-evaluations based on the input of others.

e.         none of the above

D. Self-evaluations based on the input of others

Lewis is 5 years old and spends most of his waking hours exploring and experimenting with the world and his sensations. Lewis enjoys books about machinery, particularly farm machinery. He has a place in the backyard that he calls his farm where he digs and “plants” his crops. He follows his grandfather around on his farm asking questions and learning new information. Montessori would place Lewis in which stage:

a.         absorbent mind.

b.         uniform growth.

c.         prepared environment.

e.         sensitive period

A. Absorbent mind

The Head Start program was established in the 1960s as part of the War on Poverty created by Lyndon Johnson’s administration. The first director of the Head Start program was Sargent Shriver. The program provided preschool education and nutritional meals. However, the primary goal of the Head Start program was what?

a.         improving children’s health.

b          identifying children in abusive situations.

c.         providing educational opportunities for parents.

d.         the establishment of day care centers for working mothers

e.         none of the above

A. improving children’s health

Larry, a 7-year-old child with moderate IDD, has a flattened nose and somewhat larger than average tongue. His hands are short and broad with only one crease across the palm. His eyes slant upward, and his expression is somewhat vacant. His head seems small for his body and slightly flattened on the back. At birth, he had a bowel defect that was corrected. He likely has

            a.         Fragile X Syndrome

            b.         Turner’s Syndrome

            c.         Trisomy 21

            d.         Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

                        e.         None of the Above

C. Trisomy 21

In Chapter 8, Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood, Santrock discussed a number of family issues that both negatively and positively influenced the development of children in early childhood. Which of the following is consistent with what is discussed?

                        a.         Children in divorced families adjust to academic challenges, external and internal problems, and are as socially responsible as their peers from nondivorced families.

                        b.         Authoritarian parenting is the most widely used style around the world.

                        c.         Lower-SES parents are more concerned with developing their children’s initiative than are Higher-SES parents.

                        d.         Latino families are more likely to be headed by a single woman than are African American or White American children.

                        e.         None of the above

C. Lower-SES parents are more concerned with developing their children’s initiative than are Higher-SES parents

If parents/caregivers have high demands and expectations of a child who is highly reactive and uncomfortable in new situations, it is likely that the child will

                        a.         adapt to meet parental demands

                        b.         experience stress and possibly developmental problems

                        c.         eventually change his or her temperament

                        d.        not be adversely affected, but will continue to be uncomfortable in new situations

                        e.         none of the above

B. experience stress and possibly developmental problems