McGraw Hill Connect: Chapter 3

Which of the following yields energy?

Fat

Protein

Carbohydrates

List the organs of digestive tract in order, from start to finish.

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

The mixing of food by muscular contractions is an example of

mechanical digestion.

Amylase is the enzyme needed to digest ______.

starch

Fats are digested by

lipase.

The high-energy compound generated by the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the cells is called

ATP, adenosine triphosphate, or Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

An enzyme that breaks down the bonds in protein is a(n)

protease.

Put the following digestive organs in the order that they come in contact with food (from top to bottom).

1. Mouth

2. Esophagus

3. Stomach

4. Small intestine

5. Large intestine

Bile aids digestion of ______ in the small intestine.

fat

The breakdown of food due to the action of enzymes would be an example of

chemical digestion.

The contraction of muscles in the esophagus is called

peristalsis.

The chemical breakdown of starch that occurs in the mouth is due to the enzyme action of

amylase.

The _____ in gastric juice destroys the biological activity of proteins, converts inactive digestive enzymes to their active form, partially digests food protein, and makes dietary minerals soluble so that they can be absorbed.

acid

A lipase is an enzyme that digests

fats.

The site of most nutrient absorption is in the

small intestine.

Which of the following dietary components can be absorbed by the cells lining the stomach?

water

alcohol

A protease assists in the digestion of which macronutrient?

Protein

One substance that aids the digestion and absorption of fat in the small intestine is

bile.

What substance is necessary for the body to absorb vitamin B-12?

Intrinsic factor

Peristalsis refers to

waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract.

True or false: The stomach is the site of most nutrient digestion and absorption.

False

The acidic environment of the stomach is beneficial in

activating some digestive enzymes.

making dietary minerals soluble.

partially digesting protein.

The combined surface area of the _____ increase the surface area for nutrient absorption in the small intestine.

microvilli

villi

folds of the mucosa

Fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed into the

lymphatic system.

A substance that serves as fuel for bacteria in the large intestine is called a

prebiotic.

Intrinsic factor is required for absorption of vitamin ______.

B-12

Which of the following nutrients are absorbed in the large intestine?

Potassium

Sodium

Water

Most digestion and absorption of food occurs in the

small intestine.

Which of the following accessory organs stores bile?

Gallbladder

The villi facilitate absorption of nutrients in the small intestine by

increasing the surface area.

What type of nutrients are absorbed into the hepatic portal vein and eventually to the liver before they enter the general circulation?

Water-soluble compounds

Foods containing live microorganisms (e.g., lactobacilli), which are eaten in an attempt to promote digestive health, are called

probiotics.

Match the storage site for the nutrients below.

Glucose - Muscle and liver

Fat - Adipose tissue

Calcium - Bones

Although the majority of nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine, sodium, potassium, water, some fatty acids, and gases can be absorbed by the

large intestine.

"Heartburn" doesn't involve the heart at all; it is a pain in the chest caused by

reflux of highly acidic stomach contents into the esophagus.

Match the accessory organ with its digestive function.

Gallbladder - Stores bile

Pancreas - Manufactures hormones

Liver - Produces bile

Pain, nausea, gagging, cough, or hoarseness are all symptoms of _____.

GERD

For several months, Clayton has been experiencing gnawing pain in his abdomen about 2 hours after eating. This morning, he felt ill and vomited what looked like coffee grounds. Which of the following is a likely explanation for his condition?

Peptic ulcer

H. pylori bacteria and heavy use of medications that impair mucus production by the stomach are considered the two chief culprits of _____.

peptic ulcer disease

True or false: The storage capacity for nutrients is similar for all nutrients.

False

Regularly ignoring the urge to defecate may lead to

constipation.

The pain related to GERD is due to

irritation of the esophagus by stomach acid.

Increasing fiber and fluid consumption is adequate to correct mild cases of

constipation.

Identify symptoms of GERD.

Gagging

Nausea

Hoarseness

Which of the following are signs or symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome?

Abdominal distension

Irregular bowel function

Abdominal pain relieved by bowel movement

Which of the following are signs and symptoms that could indicate a peptic ulcer?

Abdominal pain after eating

Unexpected weight loss

Nausea and vomiting

Most ulcers are now attributed to infection with H. pylori. Other risk factors that may contribute to the development of an ulcer include

regular use of NSAIDs (anti-inflammatory drugs).

smoking.

Regular use of ______ may cause constipation.

antacids

calcium supplements

iron supplements

Which of the following statements is true regarding fiber in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome?

At least half of patients see improvement with a low-FODMAP diet.

Nutrition therapy for mild cases of constipation includes

consuming more fiber daily.

consuming more fluids daily.

Treatment for diarrhea in infants and older adults

should be prompt to prevent rapid dehydration.

Visible abdominal distention, pain relief after a bowel movement, increased stool frequency, loose stools with pain onset, mucus in stool, and a feeling of incomplete elimination after a bowel movement are all symptoms associated with _____.

irritable bowel syndrome

The initial goal of diet therapy for diarrhea is to provide

fluids and electrolytes.

Gluten is naturally found in which of the following grains?

Barley

Rye

Wheat

True or false: For the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, insoluble fiber is more effective than soluble fiber.

False

In those with celiac disease, exposure to ______ causes the villi of the small intestine to flatten.

gluten

Prompt treatment of diarrhea to prevent dehydration is especially important for _____.

infants

older adults

For diarrhea caused by bacterial or viral infections, dietary restrictions (e.g., limiting the diet to include only bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) are usually ______ for recovery.

not necessary

Which of the following meals would fit into a gluten-free diet for a person with celiac disease?

Pork roast, sweet potatoes, and brown rice

When a person with celiac disease consumes wheat, he or she may experience

flattening of the intestinal villi.

decreased production of digestive enzymes.

impaired nutrient absorption.