PROTOZOA

PROTOZOA

Single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms. They can be free-living or parasitic and are found in diverse environments, including soil, water, and within host organisms.

INTESTINAL AND UND UROGENITAL PROTOZOA

1. Subphylum Sarcodina: Entamoeba histolytica

2. Subphylum Mastigophora: Giardia lamblia

3. Subphylum Mastigophora: Trichimonas vaginalis

BLOOD AND TISSUE PROTOZOA

1. Subphylum Sarcodina: Acanthamoeba (Free-living Amoeba)

2. Subphylum Sarcordina: Naegleria (MENINGOENCEPHALITIS)

3. Subphylum Mastigophora: Hemoflagellates Leishmania (D,T,B)

4. Subphylum Apicomplexa: Plasmodium spp

Cyst (Infective Stage)

A dormant, highly resistant form that allows survival in harsh conditions. 

Trophozoite (Pathogenic Stage)

The active form responsible for tissue invasion and disease. 

PARASITE LIFE CYCLE

amoeboid trophozoite →, flagellate trophozoite →, amoeboid trophozoite, → cyst form

TYPES OF LEISHMANIA

Donovani (SPLEEN), Tropica (SKIN), Brazillenesis (LYMPHOID, SKIN)

SWELLING IN CHAGAS DISEASE

Romana’s Sign

5 KINDS OF PLASMODIUM (MALARIA) (VMOKF)

• P. vivax (thick ring

• P. malariae (thick ring)

• P. ovale (thick ring)

• P. knowlesi (thick ring)

• P. falciparum (fine ring)

ANOPHELES FLAVIROSTRIS

MALARIA VECTOR

HOUR CYCLE OF PLASMODIUM VARIANTS

• P. malariae: Quartan malaria (72-hour cycle).

• P. vivax, P. ovale, P. falciparum: Tertian malaria (48-hour cycle).

• P. knowlesi: 24-hour cycle, can cause high parasitemia and severe infections. (24 HOUR CYCLE)