3D structures

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5 Terms

1
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Total Electron Pairs (EP) = 2

  • Electron Pair Arrangement?

  • Hybridization of central atom?

  • BP = 2, LP = 0 → Molecular Geometry? Bond Angle?

  • Example?

  • Electron Pair Arrangement: Linear

  • Hybridization: sp (1 s + 1 p orbital)

  • Molecular Geometry: Linear

  • Bond Angle: 180°

  • Example: CO₂ (O=C=O), BeCl₂

2
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Total Electron Pairs (EP) = 3

  • Electron Pair Arrangement?

  • Hybridization of central atom?

  • Case 1: BP = 3, LP = 0 → Molecular Geometry? Bond Angle?

  • Case 2: BP = 2, LP = 1 → Molecular Geometry? Bond Angle?

  • Examples?

  • Electron Pair Arrangement: Trigonal Planar

  • Hybridization: sp² (1 s + 2 p orbitals)

  • Case 1: Molecular Geometry = Trigonal Planar; Bond Angle = 120° (Example: BF₃, SO₃)

  • Case 2: Molecular Geometry = Bent (V-shaped); Bond Angle ≈ 120° (Example: SO₂, O₃)

3
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Total Electron Pairs (EP) = 4

  • Electron Pair Arrangement?

  • Hybridization of central atom?

  • Case 1: BP = 4, LP = 0 → Molecular Geometry? Bond Angle?

  • Case 2: BP = 3, LP = 1 → Molecular Geometry? Bond Angle?

  • Case 3: BP = 2, LP = 2 → Molecular Geometry? Bond Angle?

  • Examples?

  • Electron Pair Arrangement: Tetrahedral

  • Hybridization: sp³ (1 s + 3 p orbitals)

  • Case 1: Tetrahedral; 109.5° (Example: CH₄, CCl₄)

  • Case 2: Trigonal Pyramidal; <109.5° (Example: NH₃, PCl₃)

  • Case 3: Bent (V-shaped); <109.5° (Example: H₂O, H₂S)

4
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Total Electron Pairs (EP) = 5

  • Electron Pair Arrangement?

  • Hybridization of central atom?

  • Case 1: BP = 5, LP = 0 → Molecular Geometry? Bond Angle?

  • Case 2: BP = 4, LP = 1 → Molecular Geometry? Bond Angle?

  • Case 3: BP = 3, LP = 2 → Molecular Geometry? Bond Angle?

  • Case 4: BP = 2, LP = 3 → Molecular Geometry? Bond Angle?

  • Examples?

  • lectron Pair Arrangement: Trigonal Bipyramidal

  • Hybridization: dsp³ (1 d + 1 s + 3 p orbitals)

  • Case 1: Trigonal Bipyramidal; 90° (axial-equatorial), 120° (equatorial-equatorial) (Example: PCl₅)

  • Case 2: Seesaw (Distorted Tetrahedral); 90° & 120° (Example: SF₄)

  • Case 3: T-shaped; 90° (Example: ClF₃)

  • Case 4: Linear; 180° (Example: XeF₂)

5
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Total Electron Pairs (EP) = 6

  • Electron Pair Arrangement?

  • Hybridization of central atom?

  • Case 1: BP = 6, LP = 0 → Molecular Geometry? Bond Angle?

  • Case 2: BP = 5, LP = 1 → Molecular Geometry? Bond Angle?

  • Case 3: BP = 4, LP = 2 → Molecular Geometry? Bond Angle?

  • Examples?

  • Electron Pair Arrangement: Octahedral

  • Hybridization: d²sp³ (2 d + 1 s + 3 p orbitals)

  • Case 1: Octahedral; 90° (Example: SF₆, MoF₆)

  • Case 2: Square Pyramidal; ≈ 90° (Example: ClF₅)

  • Case 3: Square Planar; 90° (Example: XeF₄)