science vocab ch3 states of matter buoyancy pressure

Kinetic Theory of matter

Matter is made of atoms and molecules. These atoms and molecules act like tiny particles that are always in motion.

Kinetic Theory

Helps to explain the differences between the three common states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.

Fluid

A nonsolid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other, as in a gas or liquid.

Plasma

A state of matter that consists of free-moving ions and electrons.

Kinetic energy formula

½mv²

Potential energy formula

mgh

Energy

The capacity to do work.

Temperature

A measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.

Thermal energy

The total kinetic energy of a substance’s atoms.

Pressure

The amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface.

Pressure formula

P=F/A

Pascal

The SI unit of pressure; equal to the force of 1N exerted over an area of 1=km²

Buoyant force

The upward force that keeps an object immersed in or floating on a fluid.

Pascal’s principle

States that a change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid will be transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid.

Viscosity

A liquid’s resistance to flow.

C—> F temp conversion formula

(9/5 x C) + 32

F—> C temp conversion formula

5/9 (F-32)

C —> K temp conversion formula

C + 273

K —> C temp conversion formula

K - 273

archimedes principle

the notion that an object floats if the buoyant force on the object is equal to the object’s weight was described by

charles’s law

relates the volume of a gas to the temperature of a gas

boyle’s law

relates the pressure of a gas to the volume of gas

if a fixed amount of gas increases in pressure, at a constant temperature, its volume

decreases

pascal’s principle

states that a contained fluid exerts pressure equally in all directions

as the pressure of a moving liquid increases, its speed

decreases

bernoulli’s principle

describes the property of a fluid in motion

as the temperature of a gas at a constant temperature decreases, its volume

increases

as the pressure of a gas at constant temperature decreases, its volume

increases

Law of conservation of mass

In chemical changes, as well as in physical changes, the total mass of the substances undergoing the change stays the same before and after the change.

Law of conservation of energy

Energy may be changed to another form during a physical or chemical change, but the total amount of energy present before and after the change is the same.

Buoyancy

is a measure of the upward force a fluid exerts on an object that is submerged.

Weight

is a force, like any other pushing or pulling force, and is caused by Earth’s gravity.

Average density

helps determine whether objects sink or float.

Atmospheric pressure

is a measurement of the force of air molecules in the atmosphere at a given altitude.

Barometer

is an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure.