Lab - Patient Preparation, Urine Collection, Preservation, and Handling Prior to Testing

Patient's Name, Identification Number, Date and Time of Collection, Requesting Physician, Other pertinent information

Label of the specimen includes?

Clean, dry, leak-proof container

Urine specimen is collected using what?

Fasting, Medications, Clear instruction

Considerations prior to specimen collection

Random specimen

This kind of specimen is useful for routine screening

First morning specimen

Most ideal screening specimen. Useful for preventing false negative pregnancy test and best for evaluating orthostatic proteinuria

Fasting Specimen

Does not contain metabolites from food ingested prior to the beginning of the fasting period. Recommended for glucose monitoring

24-hour urine specimen

Used to measure total amount of solutes present in urine

12-hour urine

Usually used for Addis count with formalin as preservative

2-hour Post Prandial

Used primarily for monitoring insulin therapy in persons with Diabetes Mellitus, usually compared with fasting specimen.

Afternoon specimen

Used for urobilinogen determination

Glucose Tolerance

It is collected to correspond with blood samples drawn using a glucose tolerance test

Catheterized specimen

It used for bacteriologic and culture determination. Used to measure functions in the individual kidney

Suprapubic Aspiration

Ideal for bacterial culture and cytologic examination

Mid-Stream Clean Catch

Used as an alternative to catheterized specimen, and it is safer and less traumatic. Used for bacterial culture or routine urinalysis

Prostatitis Specimen

Used to determine prostatic infection

Three-Glass collection, Pre-and Post-Massage Test

Methods for collecting prostatitis specimen

Pediatric Specimens

Collected from pediatric patients using a soft, clear plastic bag attached to the genitals using a hypoallergenic adhesive

Drug Specimen Collection

Used for drug testing, approximately 30-45 mL of urine is collected under supervised collection.

4 minutes

The urine temperature for drug specimen must be taken within how many minutes from time of collection?

32.5 to 37.7 C

Temperature of the urine specimen for drug specimen collection

Bactericidal, has the capability to inhibit urease, preserve formed elements in the sediment, and does not interfere with chemical tests

Characteristics of an ideal preservative for urine specimen

Refrigeration

This method of preservation prevents bacterial growth for at least 24 hours

Refrigeration

This method of preservation preserves organized sediments

Refrigeration

This method of preservation maintains an acid pH up to 8 hours

Refrigeration

This method of preservation does not interfere with chemical tests

Toluene

This is considered as an all around preservative

Toluene

This preservative does not interfere with routine tests

Thymol Crystals

This preserves glucose and sediments well

Formalin

Considered as an excellent sediment preservative

Formalin

This preservative is ideal for Addis count

Boric Acid

This preserves protein well

Sodium fluoride

A good preservative for drug analysis

Sodium fluoride

This preservative prevent glycolysis

Precipitates amorphous urates and phosphates

Disadvantage of refrigerator as a preservative of urine

Not effective against bacteria and molds

Disadvantage of toluene as a preservative of urine

Interferes with acid precipitation test for protein and O-Toluidine for glucose

Disadvantage of thymol crystals as a preservative of urine

Interferes with Obermeyer's test for Indican

Disadvantage of formalin as a preservative of urine

Interferes with drug and hormone analysis

Disadvantage of boric acid as a preservative of urine

Interferes with hexokinase test for glucose

Disadvantage of sodium fluoride as a preservative of urine

bacterial content, turbidity, pH, nitrite

Increased parameters when urine is left unpreserved

glucose, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen

Decreased parameters when urine is left unpreserved