Native American Tribes GACE

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Eskimo, Aleut, Yupik Inuit

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Relied on foraging techniques

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Mostly engaged in fishing and hunting for subsistence

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During the summertime, they hunted Caribou

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Due to the harsh environment, tribal bands were small

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They lived in dome-shaped houses of timber covered in fur

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Known for their rich folklore and storytelling traditions

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Alaska, Canada, and parts of the Northern United States

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Beaver, Cree

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Organized by kinship, but traded with other bands often

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In winter, they lived in small, partially dugouts

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In the Summer, they lived in lean-tos

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Like the Arctic peoples wearing fur clothing was necessary

The Northeast

More temperate climate and more heavily forested

The Northeast

Extensive coastline, replete with rivers and lakes

The Northeast

The tribes in this group all belong to the Algonquian language group

The Northeast

Most engaged in horticulture and lived in small villages

The Northeast

Had a very robust trade network and alliances, such as the Iroquois Confederacy, a powerful group of tribes that relied on one another for support in trade and warfare

The Northeast

They lived in wigwams or longhouses made of wood and bark, with some tribes adding animal pelts to their housing

Great Lakes Region

Proximity to the Great Lakes influences its climate, with cooler summers and milder winters

Great Lakes Region

Thousands of inland lakes, rivers, and streams, including the 5 Great Lakes

Great Lakes Region

Many tribes had sustainable forestry practices and had close connections to the land such as the Menominee.

Great Lakes Region

Other tribes had agricultural practices and hunting traditions such as the Potawtomi (part of Algonquin-speaking tribes)

Great Lakes Region

Additional major tribes include the Wyandot (Huron), Odawa (Ottawa), and Ojibwe (Chippewa)

The Southeast

Warm-temperate region includes a small part of Texas, the Piedmont, and some of the Appalachian Mountains

The Southeast

Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole - called the Five Civilized Tribes by early Americans

The Southeast

They engaged in highly successful agricultural practices and had complex political structures

The Southeast

Tribes in this region were able to support larger populations of towns and villages

The Southeast

Grew the Three-Sisters crops (beans, squash, corn) as well as tobacco

The Southeast

Tribes lived in Earth-berm dwellings and were known for their complex religious rituals

The Plains

Great Plains - flat short-grasses and rolling plains scrub brush with warm summers and cold winters

The Plains

Arapaho, Cheyanne, Iowa, Wichita, Jumano

The Plains

Primarily in foraging techniques and using horses

The Plains

Not fully nomadic but rather had summer and winter territories

The Plains

Engaged in diverse subsistence practices that hinge on horticulture, hunting, and gathering

The Plains

Lived in tepees and traveled in small bands

The Plains

Best known for their Sun Dance rituals, and use of leather clothing and feathered headdresses

The Southwest

Semi-arid and arid climate with more rain activity in basins

The Southwest

Puebloan Indians grew the three-sisters ' crops and built their homes out of adobe

The Southwest

Best known for their handicrafts, textiles, and sand paintings

The Southwest

The nomadic Navajo, Comanche, & Apache lived in thatched houses that were easy to set up and tear down

California

Diverse ecosystems, including coastal, redwood, forest, grasslands, deserts, and mountains

California

20 distinct language families due to the varied environments

California

Engaged in foraging and some agriculture, as well as fishing

California

Depending on the landscape, tribes ranged from 25 individuals in small bands to larger villages with up to 100 people

California

Includes the Tamien Nation, Yuki, Yokuts

The Great Basin

Temperate in the North and subtropical in the south

The Great Basin

Includes the Great Salt Lake, parts of the Rocky Mountains, and the desert; Foraging was the main source of food & also relied on small game, nuts, and roots

The Great Basin

Lived in tepees and brush houses

The Great Basin

The main group here was the Shoshone & they engaged in extensive rock art carvings and drawings

The Northwest Coast

Coasts of Oregon and Washington

The Northwest Coast

Temperate and rainforest environment

The Northwest Coast

Relied on fishing and gathering coastal plants

The Northwest Coast

This environment allowed tribes to support large towns with over 100 people

The Northwest Coast

Lived in large houses and were known for their totem poles (large wooden carvings)

The Northwest Coast

Chinook, Tillamook, Cascades

The Plateau

Consists of mountains, foothills, plateaus, and gorges

The Plateau

Relatively dry except at high elevations

The Plateau

Horticulturalists, as well as hunters and gatherers

The Plateau

Lived in tepees and housing made from wood and were able to live in large tribes or small chiefdoms

The Plateau

Tenino, Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs