Age of Exploration, Spanish Armada, Thirty Years War, and Dynasties

Midterm Review #3

What country had a monopoly on the spice trade in Europe before the age of exploration?

Italy

Which European nation led the exploration of the African coast?

Portugal

What did Vasco de Gama succeed in gaining for Portugal?

A trade route to India

The Treaty of Tordesillas established a boundary between which two regions?

Spain and the New World and Portugal and the Other half (Africa and some of Asia)

What disease proved devastating to the Native American population in the New World?

Smallpox

What country came to dominate the Atlantic Slave trade and later on outlawed it?

England

What economic system was based on the accumulation of Wealth and depended on a favorable balance of trade?

Mercantilism

What country became a commercial center during the 1600s and had a fleet of up to 10,000 ships?

The Netherlands

What is the economic system based on private ownership and the investment of resources for profit?

Capitalism

What events from the Middle Ages exposed Europe to spices and luxury goods from Asia and the Middle East?

The Crusades

In the eyes of the Europeans one of the advantages of using Africans as slaves was?

Cheap labor, immunity to diseases like smallpox and tropical diseases

What created the 'need' for slavery in the North and South American colonies?

Sugar plantations in the Caribbean and cheap labor

Who was Philip II?

Spanish Monarch, ruler during the Spanish Armada, seized Portugal, and defended Catholicism.

Who was Peter the Great?

Russian Monarch who westernized Russia and modernized the army, built Saint Petersburg.

Who was Frederick the Great?

Prussian Monarch who acquired Silesia and made Prussia a European Power.

Who was Ferdinand II?

Holy Roman Emperor who caused the Thirty Years' War by forcing Roman Catholicism on his territories.

Who was Louis XIV?

French King who made France a leading power in Europe.

Who was Charles I?

English King who offended Puritans and was executed by Cromwell.

What was the Habsburg Dynasty?

Spanish and Austrian Monarchs.

What were the Bourbons?

French Monarchs.

What were the Romanovs?

Russian Monarchs.

What were the Hohenzollerns?

Prussian Monarchs.

What were the Stuarts?

English Monarchs.

What types of wars in Europe did the Thirty Years' War pretty much end?

Religious Wars.

What were the two religious alliances at the start of the Thirty Years War?

Catholic League and Protestant Union.

What weapons did the English employ that did more psychological harm than actual damage?

Fireships.