McGraw Hill APUSH Chapter 1 Key Terms, APUSH Chapter 1, APUSH: Chapter 1

african slave trade

free labor for affluent white people = black people traded to europe and eventually the new world

algonquin

north american indians (agriculture)

Atlantic World

connections between western europe and its colonies in the americas, both north and south. Connections include religion, commerce, intellectual life.

Cahokia

trade center on mississippi river in present day missouri. known for large mounds still existing today

catholic missions

small towns/churches in california and the south set up by spain

chartered companies

companies with monopolies for trading in a specific region

maize cultivation

lots of corn

couriers de bois

adventurous fur traders and trappers who also moved far into the wilderness and developed an extensive trade that became one of the underpinnings of the french colonial economy

Don Juan de Onate

claimed the land of the pueblo indians and established the colony that is now new mexico

encomeienda

Spanish licenses to exact labor and tribute from the natives in specific areas

Jamestown

English settlement established in 1607

Matrilineal

people trace their heredity through, and inherited property from, their mothers rather than their fathers. (mainly in Africa)

Meso-Americans

the peoples of what is now Mexico and much of central america (Mayans, Mexica)

Mestizos

people of mixed race in the colonies

Pueblo Revolt

Pueblo indians revolt against spanish colonists in Santa Fe

Samuel de Champlain

Founder of Quebec, attacks Mohawk indians in 1609

Sir Walter Raleigh

english explorer, searched for the City of Gold

Native Americans

the first people to live in America. Their culture was influenced by their ENVIRONMENTS and they caught diseases by Europeans through the Colombian Exchange

Land Bridge

narrow strip of land that joins two larger landmasses

Sioux

a member of a group of North American Indian peoples who spoke a Siouan language and who ranged from Lake Michigan to the Rocky Mountains

Pawnee

a member of the Pawnee nation formerly living in Nebraska and Kansas but now largely in Oklahoma

Pueblo

a communal village built by Indians in the southwestern United States

Adena

Mound-building people who lived in the Ohio River Valley

Hopewell

A mound builder society that was centered in the Ohio River Valley from about 200 B.C to AD 400

Mississippian

the last Mound Builder culture that lasted from AD 800 to the arrival of the Europeans in the 1500s.

Iroquois

A term which designates a confederacy of 5 tribes originally inhabiting the northern part of New York state, consisting of the SENECA, CAYUGA, ONEIDA, ONONDAGA and MOHAWK.

Mayas

The Indians of one of the most advanced early civilizations of the Western Hemisphere; made their home in Central America.

Incas

Ancient civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the Andes in Peru

Aztecs

Ancient civilization (1200-1521AD) that was located in what is present-day Mexico City

Renaissance

the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world

Technology

the discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems

Compass

navigational instrument for finding directions

Printing Press

invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1454; first book was Gutenberg Bible; changed private and public lives of Europeans; used for war declarations, battle accounts, treaties, propaganda; laid basis for formation of distinct political parties; enhanced literacy, people sought books on all subjects

Spain

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula

Moors

Spanish Muslims

Ferdinand and Isabella

This was the king and queen of Spain who took over the Catholic Spain and started the Spanish Inquisition

Protestant Reformation

a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches

Trade

the skilled practice of a practical occupation

Portugal

a republic in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula

Henry the Navigator

(1394-1460) Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa.

Nation-states

Group of people united under one independent government. These formed out of nationalism.

Christopher Columbus

Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)

New World

the hemisphere that includes North and South America

Amerigo Vespucci

Florentine navigator who explored the coast of South America

Papal Line of Demarcation

line drawn by the Pope dividing the land in the New World into 2 parts, with Portugal being granted the East and Spain being granted the West

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

Signed by Spain and Portugal, dividing the territories of the New World. Spain received the bulk of territory in the Americas, compensating Portugal with titles to lands in Africa and Asia.

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Spanish explorer who discovered the Pacific Ocean (1475-1519)

Ferdinand Magellan

Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain

Hernan Cortes

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)

Francisco Pizarro

Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541)

Conquistadors

spanish soldiers and explorers who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain

Encomienda System

priviledge given by Spain to Spanish settlers in the Americas which allowed to control the lands and people of a certain territory

Asiento System

System that took slaves to the New World to work for the Spanish. Required that a tax be paid to the Spanish ruler for each slave brought over.

John Cabot

Italian explorer who led the English expedition in 1497 that discovered the mainland of North America and explored the coast from Nova Scotia to Newfoundland (ca. 1450-1498)

Giovanni de Verrazano

Italian navigator, who was commissioned by France to find a Northwest Passage leading through the Americas to Asia; explored part of North America's eastern coast, including New York harbor (France)

Jacques Cartier

French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557)

Samuel de Champlain

French explorer in Nova Scotia who established a settlement on the site of modern Quebec (1567-1635)

Father Jacques Marquette

French navigator who explored the upper Mississippi River in 1673 with Louis Jolliet

Robert de la Salle

French man that explored MS River

Henry Hudson

English navigator who discovered the Hudson River

Joint-Stock Company

A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.

Father Junipero Serra

Founded a chain of 21 missions along the California coast

Virginia Company

Joint-Stock Company in London that received a charter for land in the new world. Charter guarantees new colonists same rights as people back in England.

Jamestown

First permanent English settlement in North America

Captain John Smith

English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia

John Rolfe

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown. He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.

Pocahontas

a Powhatan woman (the daughter of Powhatan) who befriended the English at Jamestown and is said to have saved Captain John Smith's life (1595-1617). Married John Rolfe.

Royal Colony

A colony under the direct control of a monarch

Puritans

Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization.

Plymouth Colony

colony formed by the Pilgrims (separatists) when they arrived at Plymouth Rock in 1620

Separatists

People who wanted to have a separate, or different church. Also known as Pilgrims.

Pilgrims

English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620

Mayflower

the ship in which the Pilgrim Fathers sailed from England to Massachusetts in 1620

Mayflower Compact

This document was drafted in 1620 prior to settlement by the Pilgrims at Plymouth Bay in Massachusetts. It declared that the 41 males who signed it agreed to accept majority rule and participate in a government in the best interest of all members of the colony. This agreement set the precedent for later documents outlining commonwealth rule.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

1629 - King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area. The colony established political freedom and a representative government.

John Winthrop

As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world.

Great Migration

when more than 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts to escape religious persecution and economic hard times

Virginia House of Burgesses

1619. First elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia. Served as an early model of elected government in the New World.

Archaic Period

History of humans in America from 8000 BCE to 3000 BCE. It included hunters, farmers, and gatherers who used stone tools

Cahokia

A city in the Mississippi River Valley (near present-day St. Louis). It peaked in 1200 CE and had a large complex of mounds.

"Clovis" People

Migratory people who came over to America through Bering Strait 11,000 years ago.

Conquistadores

Spanish soldiers who came over to America wanting gold, god, and glory.

Coureurs de Bois

Adventurous fur traders and trappers who moved into the far wilderness and developed an extensive trade that became important in the French colonial economy.

Encomienda

Spanish licenses to exact labor and tribute from the natives in specific areas.

Henry Hudson

A Dutch man sailed up Hudson River believing it was the passageway to East Indies.

Meso-Americans

The peoples of Mexico and much of Central America. An organized society was the Olmec followed by the Mayans and Aztecs.

Mestizos

Spanish people of mixed races.

Samuel de Champlain

French founder of Quebec.

Sir Francis Drake

Took some Roanoke colonists back to England.

Separists

Puritans

Seigneuries

The agricultural estates along the St. Lawrence River .

Sir Humphrey Gilbert

Made the first English attempt to settle in Newfoundland, but he became lost in sea.

Sir Walter Raleigh

He tried to establish Roanoke, but found no people and was stripped of his power.