Rad 130 - electromagnetic energy part 2
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48 Terms
wavelength, frequency, and energy
All electromagnetic radiation is essentially the same except for what?
difference in frequency, wavelength, and energy
What causes xrays and light to interact differently with matter?
wave
visible light tends to behave more like a _____
particle
xrays tend to behave more like a ___ than a wave
waves can exhibit particle like properties and particles can exhibit wave like properties
What is wave-particle duality?
matter is approx same size as photon's wavelength
photons interact with matter most easily when?
an electron
xrays wavelength is approximately the same size as what?
several meters long
the wavelength of radio waves are how long?
centimeters
the wavelength of microwaves are measured in what unit?
nanometers
the wavelength of visible light are measured in what unit?
small molecules
the wavelength of ultraviolet waves interact with what?
atoms and sub-atomic particles (electrons)
xrays interact with what?
transmission
attenuation
absorption
how do photons interact with matter?
photons interact with matter and exit without absorption
like light through transparent glass
define transmission
black
how does transmission appear on xray images
photons interact with matter and have partial absorption in the object
like light through frosted glass
define attenuation
gray
how does attenuation appear on xray images?
photons interact with matter and have complete absorption in the object
define absorption
white
how does absorption appear in xray image?
transparent
when xrays are transmitted almost unaltered, it is like light through a ____ glass window
translucent / frosted
when xrays are attenuated, it is like light through a _____ glass window
opaque / black
When xrays are absorbed, it is like light through a ____ glass window
radiopaque
structures which absorb xray are ____
bone
barium/contrast
foreign objects
artifacts
what are some examples of radiopaque structures?
radiolucent
structures that transmit xrays are ____
soft tissue
air
some tumors
what are some examples of radiolucent structures?
the intensity of electromagnetic radiation is inversely related to the square of the distance from the source
what is the inverse square law?
the number of photons in a given area
what does intensity refer to?
more energy
what does intensity NOT mean?
Gya (air Kerma)
what unit is used to measure intensity?
decreased
if distance is increased, what happens to intensity?
I1/I2 = D2^2/D1^2
what is the inverse square law formula?
distance
what is ALWAYS squared?
because it determines the area
why is distance squared?
inverse
the relationship between intensity and distance are ____
they spread out lengthwise and widthwise
when distance is increased, what happens to the photons?
2^2 (4)
so divide intensity by 4
if distance is doubled (changed by factor of 2), intensity will change by a factor of ___
3^2 (9)
so divide intensity by 9
if distance is tripled (changed by a factor of 3), intensity will change by a factor of ____
frequency
wavelength
energy
all photons are essentially the same except for what?
wave
visible light tends to act more like a ____
particle
xrays tend to act more like a ____
interacts best with matter that is similar in size
what can be said about the wavelength of a photon relating to what it will best interact with?
partial absorption of energy
attenuation
allow light to be transmitted almost unaltered
transparent
complete absorption of energy
absorption
structures which transmit xrays
radiolucent
structures which absorb xray
radiopaque
0.25 (0.5^2)
if the distance is halved (changed by a factor of .5), the intensity will change be a factor of _____