HHSC 1700 Chapter 11

mouth

opening through which food passes into the body; breaks food into small particles by mastication (chewing) and mixing with saliva

palate

separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

Soft palate

Posterior portion, not supported by bone

Hard palate

Anterior portion, supported by bone

Uvula

Soft v-shaped structure that extends from the soft palate; directs food into the throat

Pharynx

Performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus (also called throat)

Esophagus

10 inch tube that is a passageway for food extending from the pharynx to the stomach. Peristalsis, involuntary wavelike movements that Propel food along the gastrointestinal tract, begins in the ---------

Stomach

J shaped Sac that mixes and stores food. It secretes chemicals for digestions and hormones that act locally to control digestive system functions

Cardia

Area around the opening of the esophagus

Fundus

Proximal domed portion of the stomach

Body

Central portion of the stomach, distal to the fungus

Antrum

Distal portion of the stomach

Pylorus

Portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestine

Pyloric sphincter

Ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum

Small intestine

20 ft tube extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine. Digestion is completed in the ---- --------. Absorption, the passage of nutrients from the ----- ------ to the bloodstream it takes place through the Villi, tiny finger like projections that line the wall of the ---- -----------

Duodenum

First 10 To 12 in of the small intestine

Jejunum

Second portion of the small intestine approximately 8 ft long

ileum

Third portion of the small intestine, approximately 11 ft long, which connects with the large intestine

Cecum

U-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine

Colon

Main portion of the large intestine. The ----- is divided into four parts; ascending , transverse , descending , and sigmoid

Rectum

Distal portion of the large intestine, approximately 8 to 10 in. long, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus

Anus

Sphincter muscle (ring like band of muscle fiber that keeps an opening tight) at the end of the gastrointestinal tract. Provides for elimination of solid waste products of digestion

Salivary glands

Produce saliva, which flows into the mouth

Liver

Produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats. It performs many other functions concerned with digestion and metabolism

Biliary tract

Organs and ducts that transport, store, and release bile

Bile ducts

Passageways that carry bile. The hepatic duct collects bile formed in the liver. The cystic duct transports bile to and from the gallbladder for storage

Common bile duct

Small, tube like structure where the hepatic duct and cystic duct join; conveys bile to the duodenum to Aid in the breakdown of fats

Gallbladder

Small, sac-like structure that stores bile produced by the liver

Pancreas

Produces pancreatic juice, which help digest all types of food; secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism

Peritoneum

Serous sac-like lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Appendix

Small pouch, which has no known function indigestion; attached to the serum (also called vermiform -------)

Abdomen

Portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis

an/o

Anus

antr/o

Antrum

cec/o

cecum

col/o, colon/o

colon, large intestine

duoden/o

Duodenum

enter/o

intestines (usually the small intestine)

Esophag/o

Esophagus

Gastr/o

Stomach

Ile/o

ileum

Jejun/o

Jejunum

Or/o, stomat/o

Mouth

Proct/o, rect/o

Rectum

Sigmoid/o

Sigmoid colon

Abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o

abdomen, abdominal cavity

Append/o, appendic/o

Appendix

cheiol/o

Lips

cholangi/o

Bile ducts

chol/e

Gall, bile

choledoch/o

Common bile duct

cyst/o

Bladder, sac

diverticul/o

Diverticulum, diverticula (pouch extending from a hollow organ)

gingiv/o

Gums

gloss/o, lingu/o

Tongue

herni/o

Hernia (protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall)

lith/o

Stones, calculus

nas/o

nose

palat/o

palate

pancreat/o

Pancreas

peritone/o

Peritoneum

pharyng/o

Pharynx

polyp/o

polyp, small growth

pylor/o

Pylorus, pyloric sphincter

steat/o

fat

uvul/o

uvula

a-

Absence of, without

dys-

Painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

hemi-

Half

-ac

Pertaining to

-al

Pertaining to

-cele

Hernia, protrusion

-centesis

Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid with the sterile needle

-eal

Pertaining to

-ectomy

Excision, surgical removal

-iasis

Condition

-ia

Diseased or abnormal State, condition of

-ic

Pertaining to

-lith

Stones, calculus

-oma

Tumor, swelling

-osis

Abnormal condition (means increase when used with blood cell word roots)

-pepsia

Digestion

-rrhaphy

Suturing, repairing

-rrhea

Flow, discharge

-stomy

Creation of an artificial opening

-tomy

Cut into, incision

-y

Noun suffix, no meaning

Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix

Chelitis

Inflammation of the lips

Cholangioma

Tumor of the bile duct

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder

choledocholithiasis

Condition of stones in the common bile duct

cholelithiasis

Condition of gallstones

Colitis

Inflammation of the colon

Diverticulitis

Inflammation of the diverticulum

Diverticulosis

Abnormal condition of having diverticula

Dysentery

Painful intestines (disorder that involves inflammation of the intestines usually large intestine associated with abdominal pain and diarrhea that is often bloody)

Enteritis

Inflammation of the intestines

Enteropathy

Disease of the intestine

Gastritis

inflammation of the stomach