Chapter 2: Navigation and Organization of the Nervous System

Flashcards covering anatomical position, body planes, directional terms, muscle actions, and nervous system organization from Chapter 2.

What is the Anatomical Position?

Body is erect with palms facing forward, arms forward, and face forward.

Name the three major body planes and what they divide.

Coronal (frontal) divides front and back; Sagittal divides left and right; Transverse (horizontal) divides upper and lower.

What is the alternative name for the coronal plane?

Frontal.

What is the alternative name for the sagittal plane according to the notes?

Lateral.

What is the alternative name for the transverse plane?

Horizontal.

What does Superior (cranial) mean?

From a high position.

What does Inferior (caudal) mean?

From a low position.

What does Anterior (ventral) mean?

Toward the stomach.

What does Posterior (dorsal) mean?

Toward the back.

What does Medial mean?

Toward the body’s midline.

What does Lateral mean?

Away from the body’s midline.

What does Proximal mean?

Point nearest limb’s attachment.

What does Distal mean?

Point farthest from limb’s attachment.

What does Peripheral mean?

Toward the outer surface.

What does Central mean?

Toward the center.

What does Ipsilateral mean?

On the same side.

What does Contralateral mean?

On the opposite side.

What is Decussation?

The crossing of nerve fibers to the opposite side.

In the context of directional terms, what is an example of Superior being higher than another structure?

The brain is superior to the heart.

In the context of directional terms, what is an example of Inferior being lower than another structure?

The heart is inferior to the brain.

What does Anterior (ventral) mean in summary terms?

Toward the stomach.

What does Posterior (dorsal) mean in summary terms?

Toward the back.

What does Supine mean?

Lying with the ventral surface up.

What does Prone mean?

Lying with the ventral surface down.

What are the two anatomical approaches to the nervous system?

Central nervous system (CNS) and Peripheral nervous system (PNS).

What are the two functional approaches to the nervous system?

Voluntary functions and Involuntary functions.

What does the developmental approach to the nervous system involve?

Developmental terms with CNS subdivisions: Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon, Rhombencephalon; and forebrain subdivisions Telencephalon and Diencephalon; hindbrain subdivisions Metencephalon and Myelencephalon.

Name the subdivisions of the CNS in the developmental approach.

Prosencephalon (forebrain), Mesencephalon (midbrain), Rhombencephalon (hindbrain); Telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres), Diencephalon; Metencephalon (pons and cerebellum), Myelencephalon (medulla).