Module 5 Test - Trauma - EMT

Which of the following statement is true when talking about neurogenic shock?

Neurogenic shock is sometimes caused by spinal injuries

Which of the following signs is LEAST likely to indicate a traumatic brain injury?

Low blood pressure

Which of the following is an accurate definition of a flail chest?

Section of the chest wall that is unstable, leading to breathing problems

Which of the following is a potential complication of hyperventilating a patient with a brain injury?

Decreasing blood flow to the brain

You are treating a patient with paradoxical motion on the left side of the chest. He is breathing shallow at a rate of 4 breaths per minute. You should:

begin positive pressure ventilation

Which portion of the spine are the most vulnerable to injury?

Cervical and lumbar

Which of the following should increase the EMT’s suspicion of internal bleeding?

all of the above (Fall from a height of three or more times the patient’s height, penetrating trauma to the chest or abdomen, high-speed vehicle collision)

Your patient is a 28 year-old male who was ejected from his motorcycle after striking a parked vehicle. He has multiple deformities to his upper and lower extremities on both sides. Which of the following would be the BEST way to immobilize this patient’s extremities prior to transport?

Immobilize the patient to a long backboard without splinting the extremities individually

You’re an off-duty EMT who encounters a patient sitting behind the wheel of a vehicle that ran off the road along an isolated county road. It appears the patient was unrestrained, or not wearing a seat belt, and struck the steering wheel with his chest. On the assessment, you notice a paradoxical motion to the patient’s chest on the inspiration and expiration. When you radio for dispatch of an ambulance, which of the following pieces of information would you be sure to include?

The patient may have a flail chest

You are caring for a 27 y-o male who has a punctured wound to the right upper chest. The patient was stabbed with a serrated steak knife by his ex-gf. You have placed an occlusive dressing to the site and began emergent transport to the closest trauma center. However, while en route the patient begins to complains of increasing shortness of breath. You notice a decrease in ventilatory volume and an increase in thoracic diameter. Which of the following questions would be the best step to perform next?

Free a corner or edge of the dressing and have the patient exhale to release pressure buildup. And re-seal the wound.

Which of the following is the opening at the base of the skull?

Foramen magnum

What was the three elements of the Revised Trauma Score?

GCS, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate

Which of the following complications may arise from properly splinting an injured extremity?

Ignore life-threatening problems while focusing on an extremity injury

Of the following patients, which injury is the highest priority to receive bag-valve-mask ventilations?

15-y-o female who was ejected from a vehicle, struck her head on a tree, and displays decerebrate movements in response to painful stimuli

You respond to a 32-yo male who fell 20 feet off a ladder. He is responsive to painful stimuli. He has snoring respirations at 20 a minute with decent chest rise and fall. He has a broken femur, a broken wrist, and a lacerated radial artery that is bleeding profusely. Which of these injuries is the highest priority?

Arterial bleed

Which of the following injuries requires the use of an occlusive dressing?

All of the above (open wound to the abdomen from which a loop of intestine is protruding, open wound to the chest, open wound to the neck)

Your patient is a 40-yo man who was burned when he spilled gasoline on his pants as he was standing near the pilot light of his hot water heater. He has partial thickness burns form his feet to just above his knees, and circumferentially around both legs. Using the rule of nines, which of the following most accurately represents the extent of body surface area burned?

18%

Which of the following BEST describes the compartment syndrome?

A life-threatening condition caused by trapping the blood flow by a fracture when the bone ends cute the blood vessels

A 36-yo male was accidentally shot with a nail gun into the head. You see the nail, which protrude about 2 to 3 centimeters from the skull, when you visualize the injury site. Under which of the following circumstances should you remove the nail from the injury site?

None of the above (Bleeding from the patient’s wound is minimal, the patient begins to complain of shortness of breath, the patient develops excessive intracranial pressure)

Your patient is a 33-yo man who has a gunshot wound to his right leg and has active, steady, dark red bleeding. He is awake, pale, and diaphoretic. He has a strong radial pulse of 112 per minute, a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute, and a blood pressure of 122/82 mmHg. He has no other injuries or complaints. Which of the following is the BEST sequence of steps in the management of this patient?

Direct pressure, high-concentration oxygen, and splinting the leg

Which of the following is required in the management of all open soft-tissue injuries?

Use of Standard Precautions by the EMT

Your patient is a 12-yo female who fell onto her outstretched hands while rollerblading. She has a deformity of her forearm, about 2 inches proximal to her wrist. This injury is a result of which of the following mechanisms?

Indirect force

Hyperventilation of a patient with a severe brain injury due to an impaled object means that bag-valve-mask ventilation are provided at the rate of ____ per minute.

20

What is the definition of multisystem trauma?

Multiple injuries that affect more than one body system

Your patient is a 3-yo girl who is unable to move her elbow after her mother picked her up by the forearm. Proper splinting of this injury would be to immobilize from the ____ to the ____.

forearm; humerus

Which one of the following patients would justify the need to directly transport to a trauma center based on special patient considerations?

A pregnant female in the third trimester who is spotting (showing small amounts of vaginal bleeding) following a low mechanism of injury MVC (motor vehicle crash)

Which of the following allows for smooth movement of bone surfaces against one another at the joints?

Cartilage

A 65-yo man was doing some work on his roof when he lost his footing and fell to the ground, approximately 15 ft. He is unconscious but his respirations are normal. You note an obviously angulated left leg. You are more concerned about a possible head injury. Which of the following would indicate a possible head injury?

Increased blood pressure

As pressure within the cranium increases, which of the following is the result?

Increased blood pressure, decrease pulse

Which of the following BEST describes the function of blood?

It transports gases along with nutrients, aids in excretion, and provides protection and regulation

Which of the following patients is at greatest risk of respiratory failure and should be carefully monitored for ventilatory status throughout treatment and transport?

Tension pneumothorax

Which of the following is the most significant mechanism of injury for a driver in a vehicle accident?

Death of a passenger in the same vehicle

Which of the following trauma criteria would justify transportation to a trauma center based on mechanism of injury alone?

Auto versus pedestrian

neurogenic shock

caused commonly by head and spine injuries; S&S: low BP, decreasing HR, PWD skin, confusion / dizziness — a type of shock resulting from loss of sympathetic nervous system tone due to spinal cord injuries, leading to vasodilation and impaired circulation.