BIOCHEMICAL ENERGY PRODUCTION

all metabolic reactions in which small biochemical molecules are joined together to form larger ones

anabolism

all metabolic reactions in which large biochemical molecules are broken down to smaller ones

Catabolism

outer membrane contains how many % of lipid and protein?

50% lipid; 50% protein

What membrane is freely permeable to small molecules.

Outer membrane

Inner membrane contains how many lipid and protein?

20% lipid; 80% protein

the interior region of the inner membrane is called:

matrix

Region between inner & outer membrane:

intermembrane space

small spherical knob attached to cristae

ATP synthase complexes

site for ATP synthesis

ATP synthase complexes

the net energy produced used for cellular reactions

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

sum total of the biochemical reactions of the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation

common metabolic pathway

the biochemical process by which food molecules, through hydrolysis, are broken down into simpler chemical units that can be used by cells for their metabolic need

digestion

end products of digestion

• carbohydrate

• proteins

• fats and oils

primary products of acetyl group formation:

• 2-carbon acetyl units

• reduced coenzyme NADH

2-carbon acetyl units attach to coenzyme A to give:

acetyl CoA

where does the citric acid cycle occur?

mitochondria

The electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in:

mitochondria

what happens when NADH and FADH2 are oxidized?

Hydrogen ions and electrons are released

After oxidizing NADH and FADH (release H and electrons), where is H transported?

It is transported to the inter-membrane space in mitochondria.

After oxidizing NADH and FADH (release H and electrons), where is electrons transported?

Transferred to molecular O2 then O2 is reduced H2O

In the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, how is ATP produced?

H+ reenter the mitochondrial matrix and drive ATP synthase reaction to produce ATP

The primary energy carriers in metabolic pathways.

ATP molecules

Product of glycolysis:

• 2 ATP

• 2 NADH

• 2 Pyruvate

fuel for the citric acid/ krebs cycle

acetyl CoA

acetyl CoA is obtained from:

breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

oxidizing agents:

1. 3 NAD

2. 1 FAD

The operation of the krebs cycle depends on:

the availability of the oxidizing agents.

oxidizing agent when a carbon-oxygen double bond is formed

NAD1

oxidizing agent when a carbon-carbon double bond is formed

FAD

What does the oxidizing agents carry to the electron transport chain?

electrons and H1

b vitamins necessary for the proper functioning of the cycle:

• riboflavin (B2)

• nicotinamide (B3)

• pantothenic acid (B5)

• thiamine (B1)

What is produced by phosphorylation?

1 high-energy GTP molecule