tomorrow test

Discontinuous Measurement

A method of measuring behavior by observing only during specific intervals rather than continuously.

Partial-Interval Recording

Records whether a behavior occurred at any time during an interval; may overestimate behavior.

Whole-Interval Recording

Records whether a behavior occurred for the entire interval; may underestimate behavior.

Momentary Time Sampling

Records whether a behavior is occurring at the exact moment an interval ends.

Continuous Reinforcement (CRF)

Providing reinforcement after every correct response; best for teaching new skills.

Schedules of Reinforcement

Rules that determine when reinforcement is delivered following a behavior.

Fixed Ratio (FR) Schedule

Reinforcement is delivered after a set number of responses (e.g., every 5 responses).

Variable Ratio (VR) Schedule

Reinforcement is delivered after an unpredictable number of responses; produces high, steady responding.

Fixed Interval (FI) Schedule

Reinforcement is delivered for the first correct response after a fixed amount of time has passed.

Variable Interval (VI) Schedule

Reinforcement is delivered for the first correct response after varying amounts of time have passed.

Chaining

A teaching procedure that breaks a complex skill into smaller, teachable steps.

Forward Chaining

Teaching begins with the first step of the task, adding each new step as previous ones are mastered.

Backward Chaining

The instructor completes all but the last step, teaching the learner to complete the final step first.

Total Task Chaining

The learner practices every step of the task during each teaching session.

Shaping

A teaching procedure that reinforces successive approximations of a target behavior until the desired behavior is achieved.

Differential Reinforcement

A strategy that reinforces desired behaviors while withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors.

DRA (Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior)

Reinforcing an appropriate alternative behavior while not reinforcing the problem behavior.

DRI (Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior)

Reinforcing a behavior that cannot occur at the same time as the problem behavior.

DRO (Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior)

Reinforcing the absence of the problem behavior during a specified period.

DRL (Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates)

Reinforcing a reduction in the frequency of a behavior.

DRH (Differential Reinforcement of High Rates)

Reinforcing an increase in the frequency of a desired behavior.