IDSC Test G (copy)

deepfake

Creates bogus media—images, sound, or video—created by artificial intelligence that distort media in a way that makes it appear that a false event actually took place.

shallowfakes

Manipulating media without the using artificial intelligence. Examples might include using Photoshop or simply slowing down a video and passing the distortion off as truth.

priming effect

Introduction of one stimulus unconsciously influences theresponse to a subsequent stimulus

Attention Bias

Perception is affected by what's on people thoughts at the time.

e-waste

Discarded, often obsolete technology; also known as electronic waste.

Weber-Fechner Laws

Perceived change to stimuli is proportional to the initial stimuli (logarithmic)

Ostridge Effect

avoiding negative information

Verbatim effect

exact wording is harder to remember than the 'gist' of what someone has said

Context Effect

cognition and memory are dependent on context(e.g., harder to recall a work associate at a non-work party)

Peek-end Rule

Individuals recall a memory at the end of an eventor at its peak (pleasant or unpleasant)

Occam's Razor

Belief that the simplest solution is the correct one

Loss Aversion

losses are as much as twice as powerful, psychologically, as gains

Illusory Superiority

Individuals tend to overestimate their own qualities and abilities

Ambiguity Bias

people select options where the favorable outcome probably is known, verses unknown

Gambler's Fallacy

Belief that an event is more or less likely, given a previous series of events

Bandwagon Effect

adoption increases in proportion of other's adopting

Halo Effect

Positive impression of a person, brand, or product in one area, will influence one's opinion or feelings in another

Confirmation Bias

Tendency to search for, and favor information that confirms one's beliefs

Survival Deviation

focusing on things that survived, when you should be focused on the exact opposite.

Heuristics

the way humans use bias, tendencies, and shortcuts to make decisions. Can aid in design

Gestalt Principles

Human's are looking for patterns, logic, form, and structure. Meeting these needs can create more effective designs.

Availability

we use whatever information is easily accessible to create judgements.

social proof

basically, recommendations and ratings work!

Endowed progress effect

A loyalty card that starts with two free stamps in a buy ten get one free program.

Anchoring

25% off might induce us to buy a product, even when the similar product next to it is the same price.

Scarcity

"only two tickets remain at this price"

Framing

Price, color, and other attributes may affect our perception of quality, value, etc

Priming

If you see the word hand in front of fis_, your brain will fill in the word fist. If you saw swim, your brain would fill in fish.

Gamification

Certain Human Biases magnify the effect of random rewards

loss aversion

losses are as much as twice as powerful, psychologically, as gains

Sunk Cost Fallacy

believing that prior investments justify further expenditures.

Illusion of Control

tendency for people to overestimate their ability to influence outcomes

Types of Bias

Statistical, Conflicts of Interest, Contextual, prejudice

Moore's Law

Chip performance per dollar doubles everyeighteen months

Microprocessor

Part of the computer that executes the instructions of a computer program

random-access memory (RAM)

Fast, chip-based volatile storage in a computing device

Volatile Memory

Storage that is wiped clean when power is cut off from a device.

Nonvolatile memory

Storage that retains data even when powered down

Flash Memory

Nonvolatile, chip-based storage

Solid state electronics

Semiconductor-based devices

Semiconductor

Substance such as silicon dioxide used inside most computer chips that is capable of enabling and inhibiting the flow of electricity

Optical Fiber Line

High-speed glass or plastic-lined networking cable used in telecommunications

Price Elasticity

Rate at which the demand for a product or service fluctuates with price change

Microcontroller

Special-purpose computing devices that don't have an operating system and can't do as much as general purpose computers or smartphones

Internet of Things (loT)

A vision where low-cost sensors, processors, and communication are embedded into a wide array of products and our environment, allowing a vast network to collect data, analyze input, and automatically coordinate collective action.

Fabs

Semiconductor fabrication facilities

Silicon wafers

Thin, circular slice of material used to create semiconductor device

multicore microprocessors

Contain two or more calculating processor cores on the same piece of silicon

Human Brain Problems

Storage is not the issue in our brains, it's categorization and access

Skinner Box

In the 1930's B.F. Skinner created the Operant Conditioning Chamber, also know as the Skinner box. He found that random rewards were more effective than consistent rewards. This led to the discovery that it's the anticipation of a reward, not the reward itself that triggers the brain

loot box

A virtual consumable that contains a random/mystery item. These can be purchased or won in games/apps.

Incentives, Randomness, Scarcity (limited time), Collections (need for completion), can lead to powerful motivation (like gambling addiction)

How to Address Bias

Subject matter experts with context understanding of data

Trained Data Scientist with a deep understanding of bias

Properly Designed Randomized Experimentation

Using Placebo

Testing with unique live data (A/B testing, Multivariate testing)

Peer reviews

Confirmed with multiple, independent research projects

Conflicts of Interest

Funding bias, regulatory issues, favoritism, etc

Green IT

Using computing resources in ways that help reduce energy and operating costs and reduce environmental impact

manager advice to deal with obsolete tech

Managers must consider and plan for the waste created by their products, services, and technology used by the organization. Managers must audit disposal and recycling partners with the same vigor as their suppliers and other corporate partners. If not, an organization's equipment may end up in environmentally harmful disposal operations

Is Your Algorithm Racist or Sexist?

Since AI systems "learn" based on data, then any biases in data can become part of the model.
AIs are going to favor based on race and sex based on the users of the application

Salesforce Top Predictor

an early version of the "Einstein" AI model being developed at Salesforce identified the top predictor of a sales opportunity was if a client had the name "John."

How we talk about data

Computers express data as bits that are either one or zero.

Eight bits form a byte.

A kilobyte refers to roughly a thousand bytes, or a thousand characters. (Megabyte = 1 million, gigabyte = 1 billion, terabyte = 1 trillion, petabyte = 1 quadrillion, and exabyte = 1 quintillion bytes)