Chapter 40: Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Seawater

Seawater

________ is hyperosmotic to the tissues of marine bony fishes- the solution outside the body has a higher solute concentration than the solution inside.

Osmoregulation

________ is the process by which organisms control the concentrations of water and solutes in their bodies.

Osmosis

________ occurs only when solutions are separated by a membrane that permits water to cross but selectively holds back some or all of the solutes.

land dwelling vertebrates

In ________, osmoregulation occurs primarily through events that take place in the key organ of the urinary system, the kidney.

homeostasis

To maintain ________, insects must also carefully regulate the composition of a blood- like fluid called hemolymph.

Malpighian tubules

The ________ are responsible for forming a filtrate, a filtered liquid, from the hemolymph.

Filtrate

________ leaves Bowmans capsule and enters a convoluted structure called the proximal tubule.

bladder

From the ________, urine is transported to the body surface through the urethra and then excreted.

Hemolymph

________ is pumped by the heart and transports electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products, and is modified in a regulated process to produce urine.

freshwater

The ________ is hyperosmotic to the fishs tissues.

nephron

The ________ is the basic functional unit of the kidney.

terrestrial vertebrates

In ________, urine formation begins in the renal corpuscle.

kidney

The ________ is responsible for water and electrolyte balance as well as the excretion of nitrogenous wastes.

glomerular cαpsule

The region of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus is named Bowmans capsule, or the ________.

terrestrial insects

In ________, gas exchange occurs across the membranes of epithelial cells that line the tracheae, an extensive system of tubes.

Seawater

________ is a fairly constant ionic and osmotic environment, and the concentrations of electrolytes and other solutes found in these animals nearly match those of the sea.

Malpighian tubules

To maintain water and elec balance, insects rely on excretory organs called ________ and on the hindgut posterior portion of their digestive act.

Osmoregulation

the process by which organisms control the concentrations of water and solutes in their bodies

rectal gland

secretes a concentrated salt solution into its rectum, where it is then excreted into the environment