AP World- Unit 5.1 the enlightment

Industrial Revolution

A significant period of industrial growth that began in Great Britain, essential in spreading new knowledge and improving skills.

Empiricism

The theory that knowledge is best acquired through sensory experience and observation, championed by philosophers like Francis Bacon.

Social Contract

A theory proposed by Hobbes suggesting that individuals give up some rights to a government in exchange for protection and order.

Natural Rights

Rights that Locke argued were inherent and should not be taken away or repressed by government, including liberty and the pursuit of property.

Deism

The belief that God set natural laws in motion and that understanding them through science is more valuable than religious examination.

Utopian Socialism

A branch of socialism advocating for the betterment of society through community engagement and improvement projects.

Liberalism

Political ideas advocating for individual rights, reduced military funding, laissez-faire government, and constitutional governance.

Feminism

The advocacy for women's rights and equality, particularly focused on suffrage as articulated by early feminists like Mary Wollstonecraft.

Abolitionism

The movement to end slavery and the slave trade, significantly impacting the economy and moral landscape of society.

Zionism

The movement for Jews to establish and support a homeland in their ancestral lands, particularly in the Middle East.

What is the Enlightenment?

A philosophical movement in the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of authority.

What impact did the Industrial Revolution have on society?

It transformed economies from agrarian to industrial, leading to urbanization, changes in labor, and the rise of factory systems.

What were the main ideas of John Locke?

Locke believed in natural rights, including life, liberty, and property, and that government should protect these rights.

What is laissez-faire economics?

An economic philosophy advocating minimal government intervention in business, allowing free-market forces to drive economy.

What was the outcome of the French Revolution?

It resulted in the overthrow of the monarchy, the rise of radical political groups, and the establishment of a republic.

Define nationalism.

A political ideology emphasizing the interests and culture of a particular nation or group.

What is the significance of the American Revolution?

It inspired other nations with its principles of democracy and human rights, leading to subsequent revolutionary movements.

What role did women play during the Industrial Revolution?

Women entered the workforce in factories but often faced poor working conditions and lower wages.

What is the concept of Social Darwinism?

A belief that the principles of natural selection apply to societies, justifying imperialism and social inequality.

What was the impact of the abolition movement?

It led to the end of slavery in many countries and changed social and economic structures drastically.