cell structures

Cell Membrane

A thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell. Made of lipids (fats)

Golgi Apparatus

A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell. Hint: Golgi-go out

Lysosome

A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones.

Hint: Lysosome-Lysol

Nucleus

Control center of the cell. Contains DNA.

Hint: Nucleus-Brain

Ribosomes

Composed of RNA and protein. Site of protein synthesis. Some scattered in cytoplasm, others attached to ER.

Hint: Ribosome-Protein

Mitochondria

An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.

Hint: Mitochondria-Energy

Chloroplast

A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms (algae) that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food.

Hint: Chloroplast-Photosynthesis

Vacuole

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. Much larger in plant cells

Hint: Vacuole-Garage

Cell Wall

A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell

of a plant.

Hint: Cell Wall-Cellulose-Plant Cell

Cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended.

Hint: Cytoplasm-Suspend organelles

Plant Cell

1. have cell wall which is essential for protection of the cell and maintenance of the shape and water balance. 2) have chlorophyll/chloroplasts which is essential for photosynthesis. 3) large central vacuole which are compartments in the cytoplasm that act as places for secretion, excretion and storage.

Prokaryote

A single‐celled organism that lacks a membrane‐bound nucleus and specialized organelles.(bacteria)

Eukaryote

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles (plant and animal)

Bacterium

A single celled prokaryote. Distinguished by a lack of membrane bound organelles, and free floating DNA.

Cytoskeleton

Microtubules and filaments that give structure to the cell and help organize its parts. Provide basis for movement and division. Hint: Skeleton/Framework

Cell Theory

1. All living things are made of cells

2. All cells come from other cells

3. Cells are the basic Unit of life

Cilia and Flagella

Structures found outside of the cell that are made of microtubules. Assist in movement of the cell itself, or movement of molecules across the cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.

Nucleolus

Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes