The New Era of Global Trade

Flashcards based on key concepts from the lecture on 'The New Era of Global Trade'.

What era is referred to as the time of discoveries and exploration during the new era?

The Age of Discovery or Age of Exploration.

What were the main reasons for the European expeditions during the Age of Discovery?

Demand for trade routes, competition for empire, spread of Christianity, advancements in navigation.

Who was Christopher Columbus and what is he known for?

He was an Italian explorer who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas.

Why were the indigenous peoples of the Americas referred to as 'Indians'?

Due to Columbus believing he had reached India when he actually arrived in the Americas.

What was Vasco Da Gama known for?

He was a Portuguese explorer who was the first to reach India by sea, linking Europe and Asia via the ocean.

What did the Treaty of Tordesillas establish?

It divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal.

What was the primary purpose of colonies established between the 1500s and 1800s?

To exploit resources and produce goods for the benefit of the mother country.

What factors made global trade profitable for Europe?

Access to new resources, established trade routes, and demand for goods.

What is a plantation?

A large-scale estate operated by laborers to produce crops, often in the context of colonial agriculture.

What was the triangular trade?

A transatlantic trading network where goods and enslaved people were exchanged between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

What consequences did European colonization have on the indigenous civilizations of the Americas?

Decline or destruction of civilizations, loss of lands, cultural assimilation, and introduction of diseases.

What caused the decline of the Aztec Empire?

Spanish Conquistadors, disease, internal strife, and alliances with other tribes.

Why did the Atlantic slave trade continue for so long?

Economic profit motives, demand for labor in colonies, and racial ideologies justified enslavement.

What were the major exports of Sweden during the 1700s?

Iron, timber, and grains.

What were the major imports of Sweden during the 1700s?

Luxury goods, spices, and other finished products.

How did migration affect the lives of European settlers in the colonies?

Faced challenges such as harsh conditions, but also gained opportunities for land and wealth.

What are the main languages spoken in South America today?

Spanish and Portuguese.

What is the significance of the term 'colonial power'?

It refers to the ability of one country to control and exploit the resources and people of another territory.

Define 'global trade'.

The exchange of goods and services between countries on a worldwide scale.

Define 'colonization'.

The process of setting up colonies away from the home country to exploit resources and expand territory.

What does 'migration' refer to in the context of history?

The movement of people from one place to another for various reasons including economic, social, or environmental factors.