Studied by 3 peopleClast Size
________ also provides clues to help determine the depositional environment of the sediment that formed the detrital rock.
Mineral
________: a naturally occurring element or compound that is inorganic, solid, and has a crystalline structure.
Non-Silicate Groups
The ________ are a source of many valuable ore minerals and building materials.
Minerals
________ can be classified using six basic crystal forms.
Cementation
________: When minerals slowly precipitate out of water and fill spaces between clasts.
Texture
________: describes the size, shape, and arrangement of the rocks.
Silica
________ is a common term for a compound that contains silicon plus oxygen or silicon dioxide (SiO2)
compaction
The process by which clasts stick together by being pushed together is called ________.
Coal
________ usually develops from peat, a brown, lightweight deposit of moss and other plant matter.
crystals
The types of atoms that are added depend on the atoms in the growing ________ surroundings.
Fine
________- grained, extrusive igneous rocks often have grain sizes that are too small to be seen without magnification.
atomic arrangement
The ________ and composition of minerals allow them to be sorted into groups.
Sand
In order of decreasing size, clasts are classified as gravel, ________, silt, or clay.
Metamorphic rocks
________ can be classified by their texture.
Mechanical Weathering
________ occurs when physical forces break rocks into smaller clasts.
Mineral crystals
________ can form in different ways.
Bowens reaction series
The ________, shown below, illustrates the sequence in which minerals crystallize from magma at different temperatures.
Inorganic
________ means that minerals are materials that are not produced by living organisms.
Igneous
Any ________, sedimentary, or metamorphic rock can be changed through metamorphism.
Feldspar
________ is an example of a mineral with two planes of cleavage.
orderly internal arrangement of atoms
The ________ in a mineral often is related to its external crystal shape.
Coarse
________- grained granite and fine- grained rhyolite both form from granitic magmas.
Regional
________ and contact metamorphism cause changes that can occur over millions of years.
Detrital Sedimentary Rock Composition
________ depends on sources of rock material that were eroded, transported, and eventually deposited.
Mineral composition
________ is extremely variable, so adjectives are used to modify the general name of the rock.
Clay Minerals
________, micas, and amphiboles are examples of minerals that contain water in their crystal structures.
Sharp folds
________ sometimes display intense transformations in metamorphic rocks.
Mineral Grains
________ are randomly oriented when no directed force is involved.
Metamorphic Changes
________ in rocks are caused by thermal energy, pressure, and chemical reactions.
Crust
The ________ is the outermost layer of Earth.
Streak Test
A(n) ________ is performed by rubbing a mineral on an unglazed, white porcelain tile.
Hardness
________: The physical property that measures resistance to scratching.
Composition of Minerals
The ________ are indicated by their chemical formulas.
Metamorphic Processes
________ produce rocks with different textures.
Igneous Rocks
________ are those that form from molten magma.
Metamorphic Textures
________ can also be nonfoliated where crystals are in more random orientations.
Rock-Making Process
The ________ is a continuous cycle.
Continental Material
It includes all ________ and the material that forms the ocean bottom.
Mineral
a naturally occurring element or compound that is inorganic, solid, and has a crystalline structure
Cleavage
The ability of a mineral to do this is the physical property
Fracture
When a mineral breaks unevenly
Hardness
The physical property that measures resistance to scratching
Streak
The color of a mineral in powdered form
Magma
Molten rock material found inside Earth
Non
metallic minerals are valuable as well
Rock
a naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, or volcanic glass bound together
Texture
describes the size, shape, and arrangement of the rocks
Intrusive Igneous Rocks
form within, or push into, regions of Earths crust
Extrusive Igneous Rocks
rocks that form from lava erupted at Earths surface
Coarse-grained gabbro and fine
grained basalt both form from basaltic magmas
Clasts
small bits and pieces
Pore Space
The empty space between clasts
Cementation
When minerals slowly precipitate out of water and fill spaces between clasts
Foliated
crystals are arranged in layers and bands
Rock Cycle
The continual changing of rocks into different types
Note 
Flashcard (90)