Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry Review Flashcards

100 Flashcards covering Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, including alkali metals, coinage metals, alkaline earth metals, volatile metals, and chemical analysis based on the provided review notes.

Which three alkali metals are commonly stored under kerosene to prevent violent reactions with water?

Lithium, Sodium, and potassium

What are the three isotopes of Hydrogen?

Protium, Deuterium, and Tritium

What is the common term used for Deuterium Oxide ($D_2O$)?

heavy water

What industrial process is used for the production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen?

Haber process

Which type of natural water contains iron in solution or suspension and is characterized by a ferruginous taste?

CHALYBEATE WATER

What type of mineral water contains soluble alkali silicates?

SILICEOUS WATER

What minerals are mainly responsible for the temporary hardness of water?

Dissolved calcium and magnesium bicarbonate

What method can be used to remove the temporary hardness of water?

By boiling or through the addition of lime, $Ca(OH)_2$

Why can permanent hardness of water not be removed by boiling?

Because it contains mainly dissolved calcium and magnesium sulfate and chloride

Which substance is added to water during fluoridation to prevent dental caries?

sodium fluorosilicate

According to the USP, what processes can be used to obtain Purified Water?

Distillation, ion exchange, or reverse osmosis

What is the percentage concentration ($w/v$) of a $10$-volume solution of Hydrogen Peroxide?

$$3\%\,w/v$$

What stabilizer is added to Hydrogen Peroxide Topical Solution, USP, at a concentration of $0.03\%$?

acetanilide

Which metal is described as the lightest metal and used as a mood stabilizer for bipolar disorders?

LITHIUM

What are the brand names for Lithium Carbonate mentioned in the transcript?

Eskalith®, Lithase®, and Quilonium-R®

Which ion is the principal extracellular cation of the human body?

Sodium ($Na$)

Which chelating agent is administered IV for the emergency treatment of hypercalcemia?

EDETATE DISODIUM

What are the two phosphate components found in a Fleet enema?

Sodium Phosphate and Sodium Biphosphate

Which sodium compound serves as an alkalinizing agent for Benedict's Solution?

SODIUM ACETATE

Which sodium salt is commonly used as a systemic antacid but can cause rebound hyperacidity?

SODIUM BICARBONATE

What is the common name for Sodium Borate?

Borax

What are the names for the anhydrous and decahydrate forms of Sodium Carbonate?

Anhydrous is soda ash; Decahydrate is soda crystals, washing soda, or sal soda

What is the concentration of $NaCl$ in Normal Saline Solution (NSS)?

$$0.9\%\,w/v$$

What is the synonym for Lactated Ringer's Solution?

Hartmann's Solution

Excessive oral administration of which citrate salt can have a laxative effect?

SODIUM CITRATE

What is the term for the mottling of teeth caused by an excess of fluoride ion?

dental fluorosis

What is the best antidote for mercuric chloride poisoning?

SODIUM FORMALDEHYDE SULFOXYLATE

What property described as readily absorbing water and dissolving in it makes Sodium Hydroxide dangerous to handle?

Deliquescent

Ingestion of Sodium Hydroxide solutions causes what type of necrosis?

liquefaction necrosis/ saponification necrosis

What is the common name for the mixture of calcium hydroxide and sodium or potassium hydroxide used as a $CO_2$ absorber?

SODA LIME

Which disinfectant solution is also known as Labarraque's Solution?

Sodium Hypochlorite ($\sim 2.5\%$)

Lack of which essential ion leads to simple or colloid goiter?

Iodine ($I$)

Which compound serves as a water-soluble antioxidant and reducing agent for drugs containing phenol or catechol nuclei?

SODIUM METABISULFITE ($Na_2S_2O_5$)

Which sodium compound is used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning and to cure meats?

SODIUM NITRITE ($NaNO_2$)

What is the synonym for Sodium Polymetaphosphate?

Graham's salt or Calgon®

Which cation-exchange resin is used to treat hyperkalemia resulting from kidney failure?

SODIUM POLYSTYRENE SULFONATE (Kayexalate)

What are the synonyms for Sodium Potassium Tartrate?

Rochelle Salt or Sal Seginette

What brand name is associated with the tablet disintegrant Sodium Starch Glycolate?

Explotab

What is the synonym for Sodium Sulfate ($Na_2SO_4 \cdot 10H_2O$)?

Glauber's salt

Which sodium salt serves as the primary standard for Karl Fischer Reagent?

SODIUM TARTRATE

What is the misnomer for Sodium Thiosulfate?

Sodium hyposulfite

What medical syndrome is caused by sensitivity to Monosodium Glutamate?

Chinese Restaurant Syndrome

What is the principal intracellular cation of the body?

Potassium ($K$)

What are the primary signs and symptoms of hypokalemia?

muscle weakness and muscle paralysis

Which potassium salt is known as Sorensen’s Potassium Phosphate?

MONOBASIC POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE ($KH_2PO_4$)

What is the chemical name and common use for Tawas?

Potassium Alum; used as an astringent and styptic

What is the synonym for Potassium Bitartrate, which occurs in grapes?

Cream of tartar

What salt is used to prepare samples for Infrared (IR) analysis in the form of pellets?

POTASSIUM BROMIDE ($KBr$)

Which potassium salt is the preferred choice for intravenous potassium replenishment?

POTASSIUM CHLORIDE ($KCl$)

What is the result of excessive iodine in the body, characterized by increased lacrimation, salivation, and rhinitis?

Iodism

Which concentrated iodide solution is the drug of choice for cutaneous lymphatic sporotrichosis?

Saturated Solution of Potassium Iodide ($SSKI\,1\,g/mL$)

What is the synonym for Potassium Nitrate?

Saltpeter

Which strong oxidizing agent is known as mineral chameleon?

POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE ($KMnO_4$)

What are the synonyms for Sulfurated Potash?

Liver of sulfur, hepar sulfuris, or potassa sulfurata

Which hypothetical alkali metal ion is considered a pseudo-alkali metal ion?

Ammonium ($NH_4^+$)

Which process involves the combination of hydrogen and nitrogen at high pressures to produce ammonia?

Haber Process

What is the concentration of $NH_3$ in Strong Ammonia Solution?

$27\%$ to $31\%\,w/w$

Which preparation, used as a respiratory stimulant, contains ammonium carbonate, strong ammonia solution, and volatile oils?

AROMATIC AMMONIA SPIRIT

What is the common name for the topical anti-infective Ammoniated Mercury ($HgNH_2Cl$)?

White precipitate

What are the components of Ammonium Carbonate?

Ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbamate

What is the synonym for Ammonium Chloride?

Muriate of Hartshorn or sal ammoniac

Which Group IB metal is the only reddish colored metal?

Copper

What metals comprise the alloy Bronze?

Copper ($Cu$) and Tin ($Sn$)

What is the name of the toxic condition caused by copper accumulation, and what is its antidote?

Wilson's Disease; Antidote is Penicillamine

What is the chemical formula for Blue Vitriol?

$$CuSO_4 \cdot 5H_2O$$

What is the composition of Bordeaux Mixture?

Cupric sulfate and lime ($CaO$)

What is the clinical term for silver toxicity resulting in skin darkening?

Argyria

What is the synonym for Silver Nitrate ($AgNO_3$)?

Lunar caustic

What is the medicinal use of Mild Silver Protein (Argyrol) with a silver content of $19\%$ to $23\%$?

Antiseptic for eyes

Which metal is known as the King of all metals and is the most malleable?

Gold ($Au$)

What acid mixture, consisting of $3$ parts $HCl$ and $1$ part $HNO_3$, can dissolve gold?

Aqua Regia

Which alkaline earth metal is considered the most toxic?

BERYLLIUM ($Be$)

Which magnesium mineral is known as soapstone or French chalk?

Hydrated Magnesium Trisilicate (Talc)

What is the chemical formula for Epsom salt?

$$MgSO_4$$

Which compound is used in the emergency treatment of lead poisoning but can also precipitate hypocalcemia?

Calcium Disodium Edetate

What vitamin is required for the maximum absorption of Calcium in the body?

Vitamin D

What are the common names for Calcium Oxide ($CaO$)?

Lime, Quicklime, or Calx

Which strontium compound is an active ingredient in Sensodyne toothpaste?

STRONTIUM CHLORIDE ($SrCl_2$)

What is the name of the toxicity caused by inhaling barium, and what is the antidote?

Baritosis; Antidote is Magnesium Sulfate

Why is Barium Sulfate used for imaging the gastrointestinal tract?

It is radiopaque

Which volatile metal is an essential component of insulin?

Zinc ($Zn$)

What is the name of the zinc deficiency state where skin appears scaly and inflamed?

Parakeratosis

What occupies the antidote role for Zinc poisoning?

Sodium Bicarbonate

What name is given to the occupational disease caused by inhalation of Zinc Oxide fumes?

Metal Fume Fever

What is the active ingredient in White Lotion produced by the reaction of sulfurated potash and zinc sulfate?

Zinc Sulfide ($ZnS$)

Which disease is associated with Cadmium toxicity in Japan?

Itai-itai disease

What is the main ore and source of Mercury ($Hg$)?

Cinnabar ($HgS$)

What is the most sensitive alkaloidal reagent, composed of $KI$ and $HgI_2$?

Mayer's reagent

What is the synonym for Mercurous Chloride?

Calomel

What reddish-orange skin appearance is characteristic of Boric Acid toxicity?

Boiled lobster appearance

What is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust?

Aluminum ($Al$)

What neurotoxic disease is caused by the inhalation of aluminum?

Shaver's Disease

What is the brand name of the gastric antacid Aluminum Hydroxide ($Al(OH)_3$)?

Amphojel or Cremalin

What property of carbon allows it to form multiple bonds with itself and create chains?

CATENATION

Which gas is stored in gray containers and used for the treatment of persistent hiccups?

Carbon Dioxide ($CO_2$)

What gas has a higher affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen and causes hypoxia?

Carbon Monoxide ($CO$)

What is the name of the disease caused by silica particles depositing in the lungs?

Silicosis

What is the medicinal application of the polymer Simethicone?

Antiflatulent or Antifoaming agent

What are the synonyms for the lead toxicity conditions Plumbism and Saturnism?

Lead poisoning

Which white pigment is used as an opacifying agent in capsules and a solar ray protectant?

TITANIUM DIOXIDE ($TiO_2$)