Chapter 5 Skeletal System Vocab Quiz

For Anatomy and Psychology

Axial Skeleton

Bones that form the long central axis of the body

Appendicular Skeleton

The bones and limbs, girdles that attach to the axial skeleton

Compact Bone

Dense, looks smooth and homogenous

Spongy Bone

Has a spiky open appearance and looks like a sponge

Long Bone

Bone that are typically longer than wide

Short Bone

Bones that are generally cube shaped and contain spongy & compact bone (Location: Wrist & ankle)

Flat Bone

Bones that are flat, thin, and usually curved

Irregular Bone

Bones that do not fit one of the preceding categories

Diaphysis

Shaft that makes up most of the bone’s length composed of compact bone

Periosteum

Dense layer of Vascular enveloping bones except surfaces of joints

Perforating Fibers

Hundreds of connective tissue fiber called Sharpey’s Fibers securing periosteum to underlying bone

Epiphysis

Ends of long Bones

Articular Cartilage

Covers it’s external surfaces, that lines the bony surface of joints

Epiphyseal Line

Thin line of Bony tissue spanning the epiphysis that looks different than the rest of the bone (Are remnants of Epiphyseal Plate)

Epiphyseal Plate

Flat plate of Hyaline Cartilage seen in young growing bone

Yellow Marrow

Store Adipose (Fat) tissues

Red Marrow

Produces Red blood cells and made up of Spongy bone

Ossification

Process of Bone Formation happen in 6-7 week of embryonic development (Bone Growth)

Osteoblasts

Bone Building Cells

Osteoclasts

Giant bone-destroying cells that break down bone Matrix & releases calcium into th

Fractures

Bones that break has 3 types

Hematoma

Clotted Blood filled Swelling within tissues

Fibrocartilage Callus

Temporary formation of fibroblasts & chondroblasts form an area of bone fracture as the bone heals itself.

Bony Callus

Fibrocartilage is replaced by bony callus, bony and cartilaginous form a connective bridge across bone fracture

Surtures

Joint between the bones of the skull where bones are held tightly together by fibrous tissue

Process

Bony outgrowth of a larger bone

Sinus

Channel that is not blood/lymphatic vessel that allows passage of blood/lymph

Fissure

Open slit in a bone that useally houses nerves and blood vessels

Foramen

Opening, hole, passage especially in a bone

Fontanels

Space between the bones of the skull in a infant/fetus where ossification is not complete (Fibrous membranes connecting cranial bones)

Herniated Discs

Condition affecting the spine which annulus fibrous if damaged enabling it to herniate

Primary Curvature

Spinal Curvatures in the Thoracic and Sacral Regions

Secondary Curvature

Curvtures in the Cervical & Lumbar regions

Lateral Longitudinal Arch

The flatter of the two longitudinal arches & lies on the ground in standing position

Medial Longitudinal Arch

Higher than other longitudinal arch is formed by calcaneus, navicular, & 3 metatarsal bones

Transverse Arch

The Coronal Plane of feet formed by metatarsals, cuboid, & cuneiform bones

Articulations

Also called Joints

Fibrous Joints

Bones that are united by fibrous tissue

Synarthroses

Immovable fixed joint between bones connected by fibrous tissue

Surtures

Immovable junction between 2 bones

Syndesmoses

Immovable joint in which bones are joined by connective tissue

Cartilaginous Joints

Has 2 variety that differ in type of cartilage

Sychondroses

Almost immovable joint between bones bound by a layer of Cartilage

Amphiarthroses

Slightly Moveable joints

Symphyses

Two Bones are closely joined either forming a immovable joint or completely fused

Diarthroses

Freely moveable joints

Synovial Joints

Joints that articulating ends of bones

Bursae

Flattened Fibrous sacs lined with Synovial Membrane & limited Synovial Fluid

Tendon Sheath

Elongate Bursae that wraps completely around tendon subjected to friction

Arthritis

Chronic Inflammatory disorder that cause painful inflammation & stiffness of the joints