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Axial Skeleton
Bones that form the long central axis of the body
Appendicular Skeleton
The bones and limbs, girdles that attach to the axial skeleton
Compact Bone
Dense, looks smooth and homogenous
Spongy Bone
Has a spiky open appearance and looks like a sponge
Long Bone
Bone that are typically longer than wide
Short Bone
Bones that are generally cube shaped and contain spongy & compact bone (Location: Wrist & ankle)
Flat Bone
Bones that are flat, thin, and usually curved
Irregular Bone
Bones that do not fit one of the preceding categories
Diaphysis
Shaft that makes up most of the bone’s length composed of compact bone
Periosteum
Dense layer of Vascular enveloping bones except surfaces of joints
Perforating Fibers
Hundreds of connective tissue fiber called Sharpey’s Fibers securing periosteum to underlying bone
Epiphysis
Ends of long Bones
Articular Cartilage
Covers it’s external surfaces, that lines the bony surface of joints
Epiphyseal Line
Thin line of Bony tissue spanning the epiphysis that looks different than the rest of the bone (Are remnants of Epiphyseal Plate)
Epiphyseal Plate
Flat plate of Hyaline Cartilage seen in young growing bone
Yellow Marrow
Store Adipose (Fat) tissues
Red Marrow
Produces Red blood cells and made up of Spongy bone
Ossification
Process of Bone Formation happen in 6-7 week of embryonic development (Bone Growth)
Osteoblasts
Bone Building Cells
Osteoclasts
Giant bone-destroying cells that break down bone Matrix & releases calcium into th
Fractures
Bones that break has 3 types
Hematoma
Clotted Blood filled Swelling within tissues
Fibrocartilage Callus
Temporary formation of fibroblasts & chondroblasts form an area of bone fracture as the bone heals itself.
Bony Callus
Fibrocartilage is replaced by bony callus, bony and cartilaginous form a connective bridge across bone fracture
Surtures
Joint between the bones of the skull where bones are held tightly together by fibrous tissue
Process
Bony outgrowth of a larger bone
Sinus
Channel that is not blood/lymphatic vessel that allows passage of blood/lymph
Fissure
Open slit in a bone that useally houses nerves and blood vessels
Foramen
Opening, hole, passage especially in a bone
Fontanels
Space between the bones of the skull in a infant/fetus where ossification is not complete (Fibrous membranes connecting cranial bones)
Herniated Discs
Condition affecting the spine which annulus fibrous if damaged enabling it to herniate
Primary Curvature
Spinal Curvatures in the Thoracic and Sacral Regions
Secondary Curvature
Curvtures in the Cervical & Lumbar regions
Lateral Longitudinal Arch
The flatter of the two longitudinal arches & lies on the ground in standing position
Medial Longitudinal Arch
Higher than other longitudinal arch is formed by calcaneus, navicular, & 3 metatarsal bones
Transverse Arch
The Coronal Plane of feet formed by metatarsals, cuboid, & cuneiform bones
Articulations
Also called Joints
Fibrous Joints
Bones that are united by fibrous tissue
Synarthroses
Immovable fixed joint between bones connected by fibrous tissue
Surtures
Immovable junction between 2 bones
Syndesmoses
Immovable joint in which bones are joined by connective tissue
Cartilaginous Joints
Has 2 variety that differ in type of cartilage
Sychondroses
Almost immovable joint between bones bound by a layer of Cartilage
Amphiarthroses
Slightly Moveable joints
Symphyses
Two Bones are closely joined either forming a immovable joint or completely fused
Diarthroses
Freely moveable joints
Synovial Joints
Joints that articulating ends of bones
Bursae
Flattened Fibrous sacs lined with Synovial Membrane & limited Synovial Fluid
Tendon Sheath
Elongate Bursae that wraps completely around tendon subjected to friction
Arthritis
Chronic Inflammatory disorder that cause painful inflammation & stiffness of the joints
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