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Asexual Reproduction
Involves 1 parent
Offspring is genetically identical to the parent
E.g. strawberries
Sexual Reproduction
Involves 2 parents → male & female
Offspring is genetically different to parents
E.g. humans
Gamete
Sex cell
Genetics
The study of inherited characteristics
Inherited Characteristics
Traits that are passed from a parent to their children
Controlled by genes
E.g. eye colour
Acquired Characteristics
Traits that are not passed from a parent to their children, but are learned
Not controlled by genes
E.g. ability to play piano
Chromosomes
Tiny thread-like structures found in the nucleus that are composed of DNA & protein
all cells have 46 (23 pairs)
exception: gamete - 23 chromosomes
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Found in chromosomes
Carries instructions for development, functioning, growth and reproduction of an organism
Nucleotide
Basic unit of DNA
Made of a phosphate-sugar backbone attached to a base
DNA Structure → 4 types of bases
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
Shape of DNA
Double Helix
Gene
A section of DNA that contains specific instructions for making a certain protein
Dominant Genes
Genes that are always shown e.g. brown hair
Always in capital letters
Recessive Gene
Genes that are only shown if dominant genes aren’t there
Always in lowercase letters
Genotype
Our genetic make-up e.g. BB
Phenotype
Our physical appearance e.g. brown hair