Reproduction & Inheritance

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16 Terms

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Asexual Reproduction

  • Involves 1 parent

  • Offspring is genetically identical to the parent

  • E.g. strawberries

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Sexual Reproduction

  • Involves 2 parents → male & female

  • Offspring is genetically different to parents

  • E.g. humans

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Gamete

Sex cell

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Genetics

The study of inherited characteristics

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Inherited Characteristics

  • Traits that are passed from a parent to their children

  • Controlled by genes

  • E.g. eye colour

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Acquired Characteristics

  • Traits that are not passed from a parent to their children, but are learned

  • Not controlled by genes

  • E.g. ability to play piano

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Chromosomes

  • Tiny thread-like structures found in the nucleus that are composed of DNA & protein

  • all cells have 46 (23 pairs)

  • exception: gamete - 23 chromosomes

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DNA

  • Deoxyribonucleic acid

  • Found in chromosomes

  • Carries instructions for development, functioning, growth and reproduction of an organism

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Nucleotide

  • Basic unit of DNA

  • Made of a phosphate-sugar backbone attached to a base

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DNA Structure → 4 types of bases

  • Adenine

  • Thymine

  • Guanine

  • Cytosine

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Shape of DNA

Double Helix

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Gene

A section of DNA that contains specific instructions for making a certain protein

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Dominant Genes

  • Genes that are always shown e.g. brown hair

  • Always in capital letters

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Recessive Gene

  • Genes that are only shown if dominant genes aren’t there

  • Always in lowercase letters

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Genotype

Our genetic make-up e.g. BB

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Phenotype

Our physical appearance e.g. brown hair