Operating Systems and Computer Architecture Review

Flashcards based on lecture notes to help students review for their exam.

Computer system components that define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users are called __.

Application Programs

Copying information into faster storage system; main memory can be viewed as a last cache for secondary storage

Caching

Keyboards, mice, display screens, and small printers are examples of __.

I/O Devices

In computer organization, all integrated devices and low-speed devices are placed in a single chip called __.

Southbridge

A system that reduces setup time by batching similar jobs is a __.

Mainframe Systems

It pertains to computer architecture, a unit of data that is 64 bits in size is called a __.

Qword

A rigid metal or glass platter covered with magnetic recording material is a __.

Hard Disk Drive

A set of all processes residing in main memory, ready and waiting to execute, is known as the __.

Ready Queue

The only large storage media that the CPU can access directly is __.

Main Memory

Data fetched from the memory and moved into the CPU traverses via the __.

Data Bus

The one program running at all times on a computer is the __.

Kernel

A system where the CPU is multiplexed among several jobs that are kept in memory and on disk is called __.

Time Sharing Operating Systems

An address of the application inside the operating system which can be used to connect to any other application on any platform is called __.

Address Memory

A virtualization model where the virtual machine is running on top of the host operating system is a __.

Type 2 Hypervisor

It pertains to a request for operating system service.

System Call

It pertains to a set of all processes in the system.

Job queue

Used for high-speed I/O devices, enabling transmission at close to memory speeds without CPU intervention.

DMA (Direct Memory Access)

An extension of main memory that provides large nonvolatile storage capacity is __.

Secondary Storage

Device drivers are usually made up of __ file type.

.dll or dynamic link-library

It is one with a specification that facilitates the discovery of a hardware component in a system without the need for physical device configuration or user intervention in resolving resource conflicts.

Plug and play

It pertains to operating system implementation that can allow an OS to execute on non-native hardware.

Emulation

The execution done on behalf of a user is called __.

User Mode

The smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler is a __.

Thread

An OS feature where the system must allocate the memory to several jobs is __.

Memory Management

In computer organization, the read or write operations of the computer systems traverses via the __.

System Bus

A parallel system where each processor runs an identical copy of the operating system is called __.

SMP symmetrical Multi processing

A computer system dedicated to a single user is a __.

Personal Computer

A computer system that often used as a control device in a dedicated application such as controlling scientific experiments, medical imaging systems, industrial control systems, and some display systems.

Real-Time Systems

A parallel system where each processor is assigned a specific task, with a master processor scheduling work to slave processors, is called __.

Asymmetric Multiprocessing

In computer architecture, this is where the results of the operations are being stored.

Register

The execution done on behalf of the operating system is called __.

Kernel Mode

It refers to a signal coming from an input/output devices to temporarily halt CPU execution.

Interrupt

Analogy: Windows : Threads | Linux : ___

Tasks

In computer organization, high-speed devices are placed in a single chip called the __.

Microprocessor

An OS feature where the system must choose among several jobs ready to run is __.

CPU Scheduling

A hardware signal sent to the processor that temporarily stops a running program and allows a special program is an __.

Interrupt Request

A software-generated interrupt caused either by an error or a user request is called a __.

Trap

A computer system where there are multiprocessor systems with more than one CPU in close communication is called __.

Parallel Processing Systems

What term best describe when CPU switches to another process, the system must save the state of the old process and load the saved state for the new process.

Context Switch

A process state where it is waiting to be assigned to a CPU is the __.

Ready state

Computer system components that provides basic computing resources are called __.

Hardware

In computer organization, when code is being executed, it is fetched from memory and loaded into the __.

Register

A raceway allowing two running programs to communicate with each other is __.

Shared memory

Analogy: Windows OS: Interrupt | Unix : __

Signal

It is a number assigned to every peripheral that is being used to communicate with the CPU.

IRN – interrupt request number

Computer system components that refers to people, machines, and other computers are called __.

Users

A computer system that distributes the computation among several physical processors is a __.

Distributed Systems

A computer system that pertains to PDAs and Cellular telephones is a __.

Handheld Systems

The storage that currently holds the address of the instruction currently being executed is the __.

program counter

What do you call a Windows Operating system equivalent to bourne shell?

PowerShell