Biotechnology / DNA Fingerprinting / Bacterial Transformation Quiz 9th Grade Honors

What is DNA Fingerprinting used for?

Identification, crime investigation, relations, ect

What percentage of DNA is the same in any two given individuals in the world?

99.9%

What do we call the 3, 4, or 5 base sequences that repeat many times and are analyzed during DNA fingerprinting?

Short Tandem Repeats (STR)

What if there is not enough DNA to make a fingerprint?

DNA can be amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

What is the first step of DNA Fingerprinting?

Cells are broken down to relseas DNA.

What is the second step of DNA Fingerprinting?

DNA being cut into fragments by restriction enzymes, which cut in a specific base sequence.

What is the third step of DNA Fingerprinting?

DNA fragments are put in wells, charged, and separated by size in a process known as gel electrophoresis.

Why do the DNA fragments move?

DNA fragments move because they are negatively charged and are attracted to the positive charge on the other side of the gel.

What is the formula of allele frequency (Homozygous)?

p × p = p2

What is the formula of allele frequency (Heterozygous)?

2(pq)

How do you measure in a micro pipette?

The numbers on the side 00.00

Micropipette rule #1?

When loading the micropipette, only press the plunger to the first stop or you will draw too much solution into the pipette tip.

Micropipette rule #2?

Do not lay down a micropipette with fluid in the tip or

hold it with the tip pointed upward. If the disposable tip is not firmly seated onto the barrel, fluid could leak back into the pipette.

Micropipette rule #3?

When dispensing liquid from the micropipette, press the

plunger to the first stop to dispense most of the liquid and then press the plunger to the second stop in order to dispense the last little bit.

Micropipette rule #4?

Be careful not to place your pipette tip into the well or you might puncture the gel, which will make the well unusable.

What color is the negative electrode?

Black

What color is the positive electrode?

Red

Wells

Depressions in the agarose that can hold small volumes of samples.

Biotechnology

The application of Technological process, invention, or method to living organisms.

Selective Breeding

Allowing only those animals with wanted characteristics to produce the next generation.

Hybridization

The crossing of dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms.

Inbreeding

The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics.

μL

microliter

Recombinant DNA

DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources, has the potential to change the genetic composition of an organism.

Plasmids

Small circular DNA molecules in some bacteria.

What are Plasmids used for?

Recombinant DNA studies.

Genetic Marker

Makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry the plasmid from those that can not..

Transgenic

Containing genes from other species.

Clone

A population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell.

What is the difference between Transgenic in Animals and in Plants?

Bacterium Agrobacterium/ eject into the egg cell.