COB 2: Vocabulary Review (Units 1-6)

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from Units 1-6 of the Principles of Marketing course, including operations, efficiency, finance, funding, external influences, and strategic change.

Unit production

(np) producing a single, unique item at a time (sản xuất đơn lẻ).

Ex: airplane production, tailor-made suit.

Batch production

(np) producing goods in groups or lots (sản xuất theo lô).

Ex: baking bread, clothing manufacturing.

Mass production

(np) large-scale, high-volume manufacturing of identical items (sản xuất hàng loạt).

Ex: car production, soft drinks production.

Continuous production

(np) uninterrupted, non-stop manufacturing process (sản xuất liên tục).

Ex: oil, cement, steel manufacturing.

ongoing

(adj) continuing; still in progress.

Ex: The government is implementing ～ measures to stimulate economic growth, focusing on infrastructure development and job creation.

unique

(adj) one-of-a-kind; unlike anything else (độc nhất).

Ex: Fintech startups offer ～ solutions that are reshaping traditional banking and enhancing competition.

identical

(adj) exactly the same; indistinguishable (giống hệt).

Ex: Many companies face ～ challenges in adapting to rapid technological changes in their industries.

household appliance

(np) electrical device used in the home (đồ gia dụng).

Ex: Many households invest in energy-efficient ～ to reduce their utility bills and environmental impact.

determine

(v) to decide or establish exactly (xác định).

Ex: Consumers often ～ their purchases based on the energy efficiency of household appliances.

canned goods

(np) foods preserved in airtight metal containers (đồ đóng hộp).

Ex: During emergencies, many families rely on ～ as a convenient source of nutrition.

upkeep

(n) maintenance; the cost or act of keeping something in good condition (bảo dưỡng).

Ex: Regular upkeep of ～ is essential to ensure they operate efficiently and last longer.

pioneer

(n) a person who is first to explore or develop something (người tiên phong).

Ex: She was a ～ in developing energy-efficient household appliances that transformed the industry.

streamline

(v) to make a process more efficient or simple (tổ chức hợp lý).

= efficient, smooth-running

Ex: To ～ operations, businesses adopt energy-efficient appliances that reduce costs and improve productivity.

input

(n) resources put into a process (đầu vào).

Ex: Gathering employee ～ is essential for our company to develop energy-efficient appliances that lower operational costs and promote sustainability.

output

(n) finished goods or results from a process (đầu ra).

Ex: Increasing investment in technology can enhance productivity, leading to greater ～ and improved economic growth.

customization

(n) producing according to a specific customer’s requirements (chế tạo theo yêu cầu).

Ex: ～ of products allows companies to meet specific consumer preferences, enhancing customer satisfaction and driving sales.

amount

(v) to add up to; total (lên đến).

Ex: The new policies aim to ～ to a significant reduction in carbon emissions by encouraging cleaner energy sources.

implement

(v) to put into action; carry out (thi hành, áp dụng).

= apply, put into practice

Ex: The company plans to ～ a new training program to enhance employee skills and boost overall productivity.

optimize

to make as effective or functional as possible (tối ưu hóa).

Ex: The team worked diligently to ～ the website's loading speed, resulting in a better user experience and increased traffic.

operations management

(np) planning and controlling production processes (quản trị vận hành).
Ex: Effective ～ is crucial for streamlining processes, reducing costs, and ensuring that products are delivered on time.

production scheduling

(np) timetabling what, when, and how much to produce (lập kế hoạch sản xuất).

Ex: Efficient ～ is essential for maximizing output while minimizing downtime and ensuring that resources are used effectively.

machine maintenance

(np) servicing equipment to keep it working properly (bảo trì máy móc).
Ex: Regular ～ is vital to prevent breakdowns and ensure that production runs smoothly without interruptions.

capacity planning

(v) determining the production capability needed (hoạch định công suất).

Ex: Effective ～ helps organizations anticipate future demands and allocate resources accordingly to meet production goals.

uniform product

(np) a standardized, identical good (sản phẩm đồng nhất).

Ex: The company prides itself on delivering a ～ that meets consistent quality standards across all its manufacturing facilities.

raw materials

(np) basic substances used to make finished goods (vật liệu thô).

Ex: Sourcing high-quality ～ is essential for manufacturers to ensure the durability and performance of their finished products.

supply chain

(np) series of steps to move a product from supplier to customer (chuỗi cung ứng).

Ex: An efficient ～ is crucial for reducing costs and improving customer satisfaction by ensuring timely delivery of products.

value-added

(adj) increase in worth created during production (giá trị gia tăng).

→ ～ services (np) (như custom packaging, delivery service)

Ex: Our company offers a ～ service by providing 24/7 customer support, ensuring that clients can get assistance whenever they need it.

inventory management

(np) controlling stock levels of materials and products (quản lý hàng tồn kho).

Ex: Effective ～ is crucial for businesses to maintain optimal stock levels, minimize costs, and meet customer demand efficiently.

assembly line

(np) a sequence of workstations where products are assembled step-by-step (dây chuyền lắp ráp).

Ex: The ～ allowed the factory to produce cars more efficiently, reducing production time while maintaining high quality standards.

lead time

(np) time between initiating and completing a production process (thời gian sản xuất).

Ex: By optimizing our supply chain processes, we were able to reduce ～, allowing us to deliver products to customers faster than ever before.

conversion

(np) process of changing something into another form (sự chuyển đổi).

Ex: The marketing team's efforts to enhance the user experience resulted in a significant increase in ～ rates, turning more visitors into paying customers.

simultaneously

(adv) occurring at the same time (đồng thời).

Ex:

revolution

(n) a dramatic change or innovation (cách mạng).

repetitive

involving the same actions again and again (lặp lại).

Ex:

binding

(n) protective cover of a book.

specifications

(n) detailed, exact descriptions or requirements (mô tả chi tiết).

standardized

(adj) conformed to standards (được tiêu chuẩn hóa).

over-the-counter drug

medicine sold without a prescription (thuốc không cần kê đơn).

Quality assurance

System ensuring products meet set standards (đảm bảo chất lượng).

Strategic vision

Long-term guiding idea for an organization’s future (tầm nhìn chiến lược).

Resource allocation

Distributing assets, money, or manpower (phân bổ nguồn lực).

Linear workflow

Step-by-step, sequential work process (quy trình tuyến tính).

Performance measurement

Assessing efficiency or effectiveness with metrics (đo lường hiệu suất).

Just-in-Time (JIT) manufacturing

Producing goods only when needed to minimize inventory (sản xuất tức thời).

Lean manufacturing

Eliminating waste to improve efficiency (sản xuất tinh gọn).

Line efficiency

(np) productivity level of a production line (hiệu suất dây chuyền).

Production yield

(np) amount of finished output versus input used (năng suất sản xuất).

Production bottleneck (np)

Process stage that slows overall output (nút thắt sản xuất).

Comply with

To follow rules or standards; adhere to.

Enhance (v)

To improve or increase the value of something (tăng giá).

Multiply

To increase in number many times (nhân lên).

Performance metrics

Quantitative measures of results (chỉ số hiệu suất).

Prospective

Likely or expected in the future.

Square root

A number that produces a specified quantity when multiplied by itself (căn bậc hai).

Sustainability

Ability to maintain processes without depleting resources (sự bền vững).

Tier

A level or layer (tầng, lớp).

Allocate

To assign or distribute resources.

Oversee

To supervise or manage.

Infrastructure

Basic physical and organizational structures (cơ sở hạ tầng).

Forward (verb)

To promote or advance something (xúc tiến).

Align

To bring into proper arrangement or agreement (liên kết, căn chỉnh).

Deficiency

A lack or shortage.

Pinpoint

To locate exactly; identify precisely.

Remediate

To correct or improve a problem (khắc phục).

Replenish

To fill up again; restock.

Utilize

To make practical use of something.

Accelerate

To increase speed; make faster.

Incur

To become liable for; bring upon oneself (gánh chịu).

Level off

To stabilize after a period of change.

Decelerate

To slow down.

Falsify

To alter information dishonestly; forge.

Bootstrapping

Starting a business with personal funds and minimal external help (tự lực khởi nghiệp).

Loophole

A legal gap allowing avoidance of a rule (kẽ hở pháp luật).

Credibility

Believability; trustworthiness.

Patent

Legal right granting exclusive use of an invention (bằng sáng chế).

Trademark

Protected brand name or logo.

Volatile

Prone to rapid change, especially up or down.

Misleading

Giving the wrong idea or impression.

Hover at

To stay around a particular level.

Bookkeeping

Recording daily financial transactions.

Cost accounting

Tracking and analyzing production costs.

Auditing

Independent examination of financial statements.

Forensic accounting

Investigative accounting used in legal matters.

Managerial accounting

Providing financial information for internal management.

Creative accounting

Using accounting rules to present figures deceptively.

Tax accounting

Preparing returns and planning taxes.

Income statement

Report showing revenues, expenses, and profit (báo cáo kết quả kinh doanh).

Balance sheet

Statement of assets, liabilities, and equity at a point in time.

Cash flow statement

Report detailing cash inflows and outflows.

Intangibles

Non-physical assets like patents, goodwill.

Accounts payable

Money owed to suppliers.

Accounts receivable

Money owed by customers.

Liabilities

Company’s debts or obligations.

Equity

Owner’s residual interest in assets.

Retained earnings

Accumulated profits kept in the business.

Goodwill

Excess purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired.

Inventories

Stocks of raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods.

Deferred tax liabilities

Taxes owed but payable in future periods.

Financial backer

Person or entity providing funds.

Financial market

Marketplace for trading financial assets.