pharm final drugs and such

Antidote for acetaminophen overdose

Acetylcysteine (NAC)

Hallmark clue for acetaminophen overdose

\uparrow AST/ALT, RUQ pain

Antidote for opioid overdose (morphine, fentanyl)

Naloxone (Narcan)

Hallmark clue for opioid overdose

\downarrow Respiratory rate, pinpoint pupils

Antidote for heparin overdose

Protamine sulfate

Hallmark clue for heparin overdose

\uparrow aPTT, bleeding

Antidote for warfarin overdose

Vitamin K

Hallmark clue for warfarin overdose

\uparrow INR, bleeding

Antidote for benzodiazepine overdose

Flumazenil

Hallmark clue for benzodiazepine overdose

Over sedation

Treatment for severe hypoglycemia

Glucagon or D50

Hallmark clue for severe hypoglycemia

Tremors, altered mental status

Antidote for iron overdose

Deferoxamine

Hallmark clue for iron overdose

Pediatric emergency

Antidote for digoxin toxicity

Digoxin immune Fab

Hallmark clue for digoxin toxicity

Yellow halos, bradycardia

Rapid acting insulin examples & timing

Lispro, Aspart – given with meals

Short acting insulin

Regular

Intermediate acting insulin

NPH

Long acting insulin examples & key feature

Glargine, Detemir – no peak

Signs of hypoglycemia

Shaky, sweaty, confused, tachycardia

Treatment for conscious hypoglycemic patient

Glucose

Treatment for unconscious hypoglycemic patient

Glucagon

Important warning about hypoglycemia

Beta blockers mask hypoglycemia

Metformin danger & special instruction

Lactic acidosis; stop before contrast

Sulfonylureas danger

Hypoglycemia

SGLT2 inhibitors danger

UTIs, dehydration

GLP1 agonists danger

Weight loss, pancreatitis

Hypothyroidism drug of choice

Levothyroxine

Hypothyroidism symptoms

Bradycardia, weight gain, cold intolerance

How to take levothyroxine

Morning, empty stomach

Hyperthyroidism drugs

Methimazole, PTU

Hyperthyroidism symptoms

Tachycardia, weight loss, heat intolerance

Serious side effect of hyperthyroid meds

Agranulocytosis

When to report hyperthyroid med side effect

Sore throat + fever

Effect of corticosteroids (Prednisone, Dexamethasone) on glucose

Increases glucose

Corticosteroid effect on immunity

Immunosuppression

Corticosteroid effect on mood

Mood changes

Risk of stopping corticosteroids suddenly

Addisonian crisis

Best time to give corticosteroids

Morning

Mineralocorticoid drug

Fludrocortisone

Mineralocorticoid effect on sodium, water, BP, potassium

Retains sodium & water → increases BP; causes hypokalemia

Lithium therapeutic & toxic levels

0.6–1.2; toxic >1.5

Digoxin therapeutic & toxic levels

0.5–2.0; toxic >2

Theophylline therapeutic & toxic levels

10–20; toxic >20

Phenytoin therapeutic & toxic levels

10–20; toxic >20

Warfarin INR therapeutic & toxic levels

2–3; toxic >4

Antidote for acetaminophen overdose

Acetylcysteine (NAC)

Hallmark clue for acetaminophen overdose

\uparrow AST/ALT, RUQ pain

Antidote for opioid overdose (morphine, fentanyl)

Naloxone (Narcan)

Hallmark clue for opioid overdose

\downarrow Respiratory rate, pinpoint pupils

Antidote for heparin overdose

Protamine sulfate

Hallmark clue for heparin overdose

\uparrow aPTT, bleeding

Antidote for warfarin overdose

Vitamin K

Hallmark clue for warfarin overdose

\uparrow INR, bleeding

Antidote for benzodiazepine overdose

Flumazenil

Hallmark clue for benzodiazepine overdose

Over sedation

Treatment for severe hypoglycemia

Glucagon or D50

Hallmark clue for severe hypoglycemia

Tremors, altered mental status

Antidote for iron overdose

Deferoxamine

Hallmark clue for iron overdose

Pediatric emergency

Antidote for digoxin toxicity

Digoxin immune Fab

Hallmark clue for digoxin toxicity

Yellow halos, bradycardia

Rapid acting insulin examples & timing

Lispro, Aspart – given with meals

Short acting insulin

Regular

Intermediate acting insulin

NPH

Long acting insulin examples & key feature

Glargine, Detemir – no peak

Signs of hypoglycemia

Shaky, sweaty, confused, tachycardia

Treatment for conscious hypoglycemic patient

Glucose

Treatment for unconscious hypoglycemic patient

Glucagon

Important warning about hypoglycemia

Beta blockers mask hypoglycemia

Metformin danger & special instruction

Lactic acidosis; stop before contrast

Sulfonylureas danger

Hypoglycemia

SGLT2 inhibitors danger

UTIs, dehydration

GLP1 agonists danger

Weight loss, pancreatitis

Hypothyroidism drug of choice

Levothyroxine

Hypothyroidism symptoms

Bradycardia, weight gain, cold intolerance

How to take levothyroxine

Morning, empty stomach

Hyperthyroidism drugs

Methimazole, PTU

Hyperthyroidism symptoms

Tachycardia, weight loss, heat intolerance

Serious side effect of hyperthyroid meds

Agranulocytosis

When to report hyperthyroid med side effect

Sore throat + fever

Effect of corticosteroids (Prednisone, Dexamethasone) on glucose

Increases glucose

Corticosteroid effect on immunity

Immunosuppression

Corticosteroid effect on mood

Mood changes

Risk of stopping corticosteroids suddenly

Addisonian crisis

Best time to give corticosteroids

Morning

Mineralocorticoid drug

Fludrocortisone

Mineralocorticoid effect on sodium, water, BP, potassium

Retains sodium & water → increases BP; causes hypokalemia

Lithium therapeutic & toxic levels

0.6–1.2; toxic >1.5

Digoxin therapeutic & toxic levels

0.5–2.0; toxic >2

Theophylline therapeutic & toxic levels

10–20; toxic >20

Phenytoin therapeutic & toxic levels

10–20; toxic >20

Warfarin INR therapeutic & toxic levels

2–3; toxic >4

Pharmacokinetics

What the body does to the drug

Pharmacodynamics

What the drug does to the body

Main organ of metabolism

Liver

Main organ of excretion

Kidneys

Grapefruit juice effect

Increases drug toxicity

Parkinson’s disease cause

Decreased dopamine