ps 241 flash card

Personality Codes

A system where leaders are seen as embodiments of the state, often characterized by personal loyalty rather than loyalty to institutions.

Personalist Regimes

Governments that have a single leader who embodies the state and wields power with little distinction between the leader and the state.

Charisma

A personal appeal or charm that can influence public perception and political power.

Embolism

The idea that a nation's spirit is embodied in a strong leader, often portrayed as non-corruptible and essential for the nation's existence.

Illiberal Regimes

Governments that maintain some democratic institutions, like elections, but do not adhere to liberal principles like rule of law and individual freedoms.

Military Rule

Governance where military officers hold power, often following a coup and typically characterized by limited political participation.

One Party Rule

A political system in which a single political party controls the government, limiting the presence and activities of other parties.

Theocracy

A form of government in which religious leaders control the political power and legal systems based on religious laws.

Bureaucratic Authoritarianism

A state system in which military and state bureaucracies enforce policies that prioritize technical expertise over political participation.

Democratic Backsliding

The process by which democratic institutions and practices are weakened, leading to less democratic governance.

Decapitation Strikes

Attempt to eliminate leadership of a regime, often unsuccessful against entrenched regimes.

Military Industrial Complex

The relationship between governments and businesses that produce military equipment and services.

Oil Production

The US produces more oil than it consumes but faces challenges when prices rise due to conflicts.

Spheres of Influence

Geographical areas where a particular country has the power to affect developments, though it has no formal authority.

Stalemate

A situation in which neither side is able to gain a decisive advantage in a conflict.

Relative Deprivation

The perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself, often leading to social unrest or rebellion.

Terrorism

The use of violence by non-state actors to achieve political goals, often creating fear.

Economic Warfare

Actions undertaken to weaken an opponent’s economy, such as sanctions.

Guerrilla Warfare

A form of irregular warfare in which small groups use military tactics, often blending into civilian populations.

Institutional Violence

Violence that arises from the structures and systems within a society that marginalize or exclude populations.

Terrorism

The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in pursuit of political aims.

Guerrilla Warfare

A form of irregular warfare in which small groups use military tactics to fight a larger, traditional military.

Economic Explanations

Theories suggesting that poverty and lack of economic opportunity can drive individuals towards radicalism.

Radical Ideology

A set of beliefs that advocate for drastic changes in society, often justifying the use of violence.

State Capacity

The ability of a government to administer its territory effectively, provide public services, and maintain security.

Public Participation

The involvement of citizens in political processes, which can influence governance and reduce grievances.

Relative Deprivation

The perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself, potentially leading to discontent.

Co-optation

The process by which individuals or groups are included in a more significant structure or system, often to neutralize opposition.

Political Violence

The use of violence by state or non-state actors for political purposes.

Counterterrorism

Strategies and measures undertaken to prevent, deter, and respond to terrorism.