beliefs in society religion,science

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45 Terms

1

What does 'eligiosity' refer to?

The types of religion and how religious someone feels.

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2

What is fundamentalism?

A return to the basics of a faith.

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3

What does secularisation mean?

A decrease in the power of religion in society.

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4

Which term describes a set of ideas, values, and beliefs that help interpret the world?

Ideology.

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5

Theistic beliefs involve:

Belief in a higher power.

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6

New Age Movements are primarily focused on:

Self-development and fulfillment.

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7

Animism is defined as:

Belief in spirits affecting the world.

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8

Totemism involves:

Creation of a symbol representative of a community.

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9

What is a substantive definition of religion?

Identifies core characteristics of major religions.

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10

Which of the following is a criticism of the substantive definition of religion?

Too exclusive and ethnocentric.

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11

What is the focus of functional definitions of religion?

The functions religion serves in society.

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12

A criticism of functional definitions is that they are:

Too inclusive.

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13

What does the constructionist definition of religion emphasize?

How definitions of religion are constructed and contested.

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14

According to the 5 features of religion, what represents sacred beings?

Ritual acts.

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15

Which of the following is NOT one of Merton's CUDOS norms?

Democracy.

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16

What does Aldridge's theory describe?

The transition from religious to scientific explanations.

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17

In the theological stage, phenomena are explained by:

Spirits and gods.

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18

The metaphysical stage reduces the supernatural to:

Abstract natural entities.

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19

What characterizes the scientific stage, according to Aldridge?

Rational explanations based on evidence.

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20

The term 'disenchantment with the world' was introduced by:

Weber.

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21

What does falsification mean in scientific terms?

Proving a theory wrong.

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22

Interpretivists argue that knowledge is:

Socially constructed.

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23

Woolgar's 'Little Green Men' example illustrates:

How scientists interpret findings.

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24

Marxism views scientific knowledge as:

Serving the interests of specific groups.

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25

Postmodernism argues that science is:

A metanarrative claiming absolute truth.

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26

Lyotard emphasizes that science has become:

A technoscience serving capitalist interests.

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27

Which of the following is a reason some argue science has led to a decline in religion?

Science provides rational explanations.

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28

What is a closed belief system?

Claims to know the absolute truth.

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29

According to Popper, science is characterized as:

Open to challenge and falsification.

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30

Herberg's concept of internal secularisation suggests:

Some religions adapt to remain relevant.

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31

Kuhn argues that science operates within:

Paradigms that shape understanding.

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32

What is the primary focus of Marxist theory concerning science?

The interests served by scientific knowledge.

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33

Which of the following is a feature of religion?

Moral code with supernatural origins.

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34

Which type of religion is characterized by a belief in a single God?

Monotheistic.

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35

What does the concept of 'sacred canopy' refer to?

The protective structure provided by religion against uncertainty.

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36

Animistic beliefs are most prevalent in which type of societies?

Preindustrial and non-industrial societies.

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37

The term 'compensator' in Stark and Bainbridge's theory refers to:

A belief system that promises rewards for behavior.

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38

Which of the following best describes the Functionalist view of religion?

Religion serves important functions in society.

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39

The term 'closed belief system' is most closely associated with:

Religion.

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40

The term 'disinterestedness' in Merton's norms refers to:

Scientists publishing findings honestly.

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41

Postmodernists argue that science is primarily:

A discourse dominating people.

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42

The 'theological stage' in Aldridge's theory is characterized by:

Supernatural explanations for phenomena.

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43

What is a common feature of both science and religion?

Both can adapt and change over time.

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44

Which of the following represents a criticism of science from a feminist perspective?

Science serves specific societal interests.

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45

According to Weber, the 'disenchantment with the world' refers to:

The loss of magical and mystical elements in the world due to rational thought.

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