The pH scale
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21 Terms
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Acid
A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
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Base
A substance that reacts with an acid and neutralises it
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Alkali
A soluble base, that produces OH
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Types of chemicals that are bases
Metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates, ammonia
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Types of chemicals that are alkalis
Metal hydroxides, ammonia
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Strong acids
Acids that fully ionise in water
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Weak acids
Acids that only slightly ionise in aqueous solution
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Ionise
Split into ions
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pH
A measure of H+ concentration
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Ions produced by acids
H+
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Ions produced by alkalis
OH-
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Neutral pH
7
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pH of acids
less than 7
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pH of alkalis
more than 7
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Neutralisation reaction
The reaction of an acid and a base forming a salt and water
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Ionic equation for an acid and an alkali
H+(aq) + OH - (aq) = H20(l)
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Universal indicator
An indicator with a different colour for each pH value
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If pH decreases by 1
hydrogen ion concentration increases x10
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At pH 7
concentration of H+ = concentration of OH-
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Strong acid
An acid that ionises completely in water
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Weak acid
An acid that only partially ionises in water
Note 
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