RPH Reviewer week 1 - 5

Historia

Greek word for "learning by inquiry."

Factual History:

Focuses on what happened, where, when, and who was involved.

Provides clear, straightforward information

Speculative History:

• Explores why events happened and how they occurred.

• Goes beyond mere facts

2,400 years

History has been studied for about ____

historia

In classical Latin, referred to accounts of the past based on written documents and evidence.

Kalinga Province

remains of a butchered rhinoceros (Rhinoceros philippinensis) were discovered in

historical source

is any leftover or trace from the past that gives us insight into history.

Primary Sources and Secondary Sources.

Historical sources are classified into two categories:

Primary sources

materials produced during the time of the event or period being studied.

Secondary source

produced after the event by someone who did not directly experience it.

Historical study

involves interpreting past events and understanding how they impact the present.

Herodotus

"Father of History,"

Thucydides

"Father of Scientific History"

External Criticism

This is about verifying the authenticity of a source by examining its physical characteristics:

Internal Criticism

This is about evaluating the truthfulness and accuracy of the content in the source

Historical context

refers to the social, religious, economic, and political conditions that existed during a specific time and place.

understanding the background or "setting" in which something happened.

Contextualizing

involves paying attention to the people who made it, the time in which they worked, what was going on during that time, and how what was going on may have influenced the production of the source.

Antonio Pigafetta

italian nobleman commisionned by the king of spain to document the expansion of spanish empire.

Circumnavigation

This means traveling all the way around the world.

Magellan’s expedition

first to achieve circumnavigation

Expedition

A journey or voyage undertaken for a specific purpose, often exploration.

Pre-colonial

This refers to the time before the Philippines was colonized by Spain.

Travelogue

A written account of someone’s travels

Battle of Mactan

A key event where the local leader Lapu-Lapu and his warriors defeated Magellan and his men.

Gold, Glory, and God (Three Gs)

These were the main motivations for European explorers like Magellan.

Roman Catholic Church

The religious institution that supported many exploration voyages, including Magellan’s

Westerners

his term refers to people from Europe and other "Western" countries.

Antonio Pigafetta

His account is one of the most important primary sources for understanding the voyage

"The First Voyage Around the World"

Pigafettas journal

Andrés Bonifacio

He founded KKK

July 7, 1892

Year when KKK was founded

Claro M Recto, Tondo Manila

Place where KKK was founded

Kalye Azcaraga

old name for recto

sanduguan

To symbolize their unity and commitment, the members performed a ritual

triangle system

each member would secretly recruit two new members, who would then do the same, growing the organization rapidly.

25 centavos / Real

Members were also asked to contribute one ____ each month to raise funds for the association.

1. Unite Filipinos

2. Separate from Spanish authorities through revolution

Goal of the Katipunan

Kartilya ng Katipunan

Kartilya ng Katipunan

written by Emilio Jacinto and served as the moral code or guide for Katipunan members.

14 rules

It contained _____ on how the members, called Katipuneros, should behave and live by values such as:

Decalogue

Andrés Bonifacio also wrote his own set of principles called the ____. Like the Kartilya, it was meant to inspire unity and patriotism among Filipinos.

June 12, 1898

Independence Day

Cavite el Viejo

Kawit Cavite is the place where the proclamation of independence happened

General Emilio Aguinaldo

proclaimed independence in kawit cavite, in his home on july 12,1898

1896

The Philippine Revolution began against Spanish rule.

1897

Aguinaldo went into exile in Hong Kong after a pact with Spain.

May 1, 1898

The U.S. defeated Spain in the Battle of Manila Bay on ______.

Commodore George Dewey

led the U.S. Navy and brought Aguinaldo back to the Philippines.

Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo, and Delfina Herboza

People who designed the philippine flag

Hongkong

where Philippine flag was made

Marcha Filipina Magdalo

Also known as Lupang Hinirang

Julian Felipe

Composed Lupang hinirang

San Francisco de Malabon

A band that played lupang hinirang

Act of the Declaration of Independence

was prepared, written, and read by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista in Spanish.

Ambrosio Rianzares

He had written the declaration of independence

98

number of people who signed the declaration.

Treaty of paris

Spain sold the Philippines to the U.S., ending the Spanish-American War.

1898

Year when the treaty of paris happened

Philippine Revolutionary Government

the _______ did not recognize the treaty or American sovereignty and subsequently fought and lost a conflict with the United States

July 4, 1946

The Philippines gained official independence from the U.S.

Treaty of Manila.

The Philippines gained official independence from the U.S. following World War II through the _____

Republic Act No. 4166 (1964)

President Diosdado Macapagal declared June 12 as Independence Day

Ladrones Islands

Island of thieves. Presently known as marianas Island

Mazaua

According to Pigafetta the mass hapened in this place

March 31 1521

Date of the first mass

January 20, 1872

Date when cavite mutiny happened

Cavite Mutiny

A brief uprising by 200 Filipino soldiers and workers at the Cavite arsenal.

February 17, 1872

Martyrdom of Gomburza

December 30, 1896

Day of Rizals execution

Masonry

Fraternity of Rizal

Father Balaguer

a Spanish priest, claimed Rizal made a full retraction, providing another version of the retraction letter.

1935

In ____ Father Manuel Garcia discovered an "original" retraction document, with similar content to the earlier publications.

Josephine Bracken

Rizal’s wife

Baron Fernandez

a Spanish historian, claimed that Rizal left a secret letter in his shoes denying his retraction.

Manoling Morato

a friend of Fernandez, alleged that the friars fabricated the retraction letter and that Rizal never actually renounced his beliefs.

Cry of Balintawak

start of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule.

August 1896

Cry hapenned in this time

Kannkong, Bahay Toro, Pasong Tamo, Balintawak, Pugad Lawin

Alleged Site of the cry

Balintawak

old name for caloocan

el grito de rebellion

call to revolt

Proclamation No. 149

In 1963 President Diosdado Macapagal proclaimed that the cry hapenned on august 23 in Pugad Lawin

Miguel Malvar

Surrended on april 16, 1902

Simeon Ola

Surrendered on September 25, 1903

Macario Sakay

Surrendere on June 16, 1906

Father Pedro Valderrama

The one who orchestrated the first mass

Republic Act 2733

Limasawa act as the first site

Alfred W. McCoy

is a professor of history at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and has a particular interest in the politics of the Philippines

Political Cartoons

became an important medium for recording Filipino attitudes towards the Americans

377

number of cartoons highlight how these visual artworks

September 1986

Year when President Corazon Aquino addressed a joint session of the United States Congress, marking her first official visit to the U.S.

February 1986

Date when marcos was overthrown

$26 billion

Foreign debt during marcos admin

16,000

From 500 NPA, it went up to _____ during marcos dictatorship

Code of Kalantiaw

Written by a the Datu of Panay

Datu Kalantiaw

third head of Panay

William Henry Scott

debunked the legitimacy of the Code in his doctoral thesis, "Critical Study of the Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History."

Protohistory

period between pre-history and written history

Paleography

Study of writing

Philology

the study of language in oral and written historical sources.

Archaeology

Scientific study of life