Aastha Kaneria Chapter 1 Introduction to Anatomy

What does ana- mean?

A prefix meaning "up," "back," or "again" in anatomical terms. It is often used in various medical and biological contexts.

What does tome mean?

A suffix meaning "cut" or "section," often used in terms relating to the dissection or study of tissues and organs in anatomy.

What is the definition of anatomy?

Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the structure of organisms and their parts. It involves the examination of the physical structure of tissues, organs, and systems within living organisms.

Who was Andreas Vesalius?

A 16th-century Belgian anatomist considered the father of modern anatomy. He is known for his groundbreaking work "De humani corporis fabrica" that provided detailed descriptions of the human body.

What is the nomina anatomica?

Anatomical terminology that provides internationally accepted names for the structure and location of body parts.

What is the definition of physiology?

Scientific study of how the body functions

What are the levels of organization within the human body?

The levels of organization within the human body include cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the organism itself.

What is gross anatomy?

The study of the structure of the body and its organs as seen without the aid of a microscope.

What is surface anatomy?

The study of external features of the body and their relation to deeper structures, often used in clinical examinations.

What does palpate mean?

To examine or explore the body by touch, often to detect abnormalities.

What is radiological anatomy?

The study of the body's structures using imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs to visualize organs and tissues.

What is systemic anatomy?

The study of the body's organ systems and their interrelationships, focusing on how each system contributes to overall function.

What is histology?

The study of microscopic structures of tissues and cells, often using a microscope to analyze cellular organization and composition.

What is cytology?

The branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells, including their physiological properties and interactions.

What is embryology?

The branch of biology that studies the development and formation of embryos from fertilization to birth.

What is Teratology?

The study of abnormal development in embryos, including the causes and effects of congenital malformations and birth defects.

What is a zygote?

A zygote is the fertilized egg formed by the union of a sperm and an ovum, marking the beginning of embryonic development.

What is compartitive anatomy?

Comparing our anatomy to something else

What does patho- mean?

Disease/abnormal

What is superior?

Towards the head (cranial)

What is inferior?

Towards the tail-end of the body (caudal)

What is anterior (ventral)?

Towards the front of the body

What is posterior (dorsal)

Towards the back of the body

What is medial?

Near the mid-line of body

What is lateral?

Away from the mid-line of body (slides)

What is proximal?

Nearer to the torso

What is distal?

Farther from the torso

What is superficial?

Towards the surface of the body (external)

What is deep?

Deep within the body (internal)

What is parietal?

The walls of a cavity

What is visceral?

covering of an organ

What is supine?

On back

What is prone?

On belly

What is midsagittal section?

Divides body into right and left halves

What is the frontal (coronal) section?

divides body into anterior (fron) and posterior (back) portions.

What is the transverse (cross-) section?

divides body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) portions.

What is the dorsal body cavity?

Back of the body. Posterior.

What is the cranial cavity?

Formed by the cranial bones and contains the brain.

What is the vertebral (spinal) cavity?

spinal cord

What is the thoracic (pleural) cavity?

Chest cavity. Contains organs like the lungs and heart.

What is the abdominal (peritoneum) cavity?

Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small/large intestine.

What is the pelvic cavity?

Contains urinary bladder, portions of large intentions, and internal organs of reproduction.

What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity?

The diaphragm

What is the cephalic region?

Head

What is the cervical region?

Neck

What is the pectoral region?

Chest/breast area

What is the mammary region?

Breast

What is the brachial region?

Arm

What does ante- mean?

Front

What is the cubital regions?

Elbow

What is the carpal region?

Wrist

What is the inguinal region?

Groin

What is the crural region?

Leg

What is the patellar region?

Anterior surface of the knee

What is the pedal?

Foot

What is the occipital region?

Base of skull

What is the popliteal region?

Hollow behind the knee

What is the calcaneal?

Heel

abdomin/o

Abdomen

acr/o

extremity (arm/leg)

aden/o

Gland

angi/o

vessel

arthr/o

Joint

cardi/o

Heart

chondr/o

Cartilage

cyst/o

bladder (or sac)

cyt/o

Cell

dent/o

tooth

dermat/o

skin

derm/o

skin

duoden/o

Duodenum

Gastr/o

Stomach

hepat/o

Liver

Laryn/go

larynx (voice box)

my/o

muscle

nephr/o

Kidney

Neur/o

Nerve

oste/o

Bone

ot/o

Ear

path/o

disease

pneumon/o

Lung

Rhin/o

Nose

stomat/o

Mouth

thorac/o

thorax (chest)