Unit 2 Vocab - Human Geography - Irondale

World Population

The number of people living on the planet. Currently near 8 billion and growing fastest in Less Developed Countries

Census

A periodic count of the number of people living in an area.

The Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

Tells us how quickly a population is increasing or decreasing every year. Measured by subtracting CDR from CBR.

The Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The number of live births per every 1000 people every year.

The Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The number of deaths per every 1000 people every year.

Net Migration Rate (NMR)

The number of people coming into or leaving the country every year. Measured by scratching the number of emigrants from the number of immigrants.

The Population Growth Rate

Explains how fast a given population grows. Measured using this formula: (CBR

Population Pyramids

Population data is broken down into different age groups and by gender, then displayed in a pyramid graph.

Population density

The number of people in a given area (square mile or square kilometer usually).

Life Expectancy

the average period that a person may expect to live

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

the average number of children that a woman will have in her lifetime

Infant Mortality Rate

The number of babies, out of every 1000 babies born, that die within their first year of life.

Carrying Capacity

how many people a certain environment (country) can safely support considering resources and services

Physiological Density

the total population divided by the arable land and agricultural land

Demographic Transition Model

visuals to categorize different countries based on population indicators

DTM Stage 1

Hunter

DTM Stage 2

Agricultural Stage

DTM Stage 3

Industrial Stage

DTM Stage 4

Tertiary Stage

DTM Stage 5

Declining Stage

Thomas Malthus

An English economist who came up with the theory that the population would rise faster than the food needed to feed itself.

Positive checks

Anything that raises the crude death rate, such as a famine or war.

Negative checks

Something that decreases the crude birth rate, such as people deciding to have fewer children.

Migration

A semi permanent move to a new place

Immigration

A permanent move to a new country

Emigration

When someone permanently moves out of a country

Internal migration

A semi permanent move within a country

International migration

A semi permanent move from one country to another

Voluntary Migration

A person decides to relocate because they want to, for example for better job opportunities.

Forced Migration

A person feels that they have no choice but to relocate because of reasons such as war, persecution or natural disaster.

Refugees

A person who is forced to move because of war, persecution or natural disasters

Human trafficking

The illegal trade of human beings, a modern

Cyclical movement

movement away from home for a short time that is repeated

Seasonal movement

a type of cyclical movement, on a seasonal basis

Nomadic movement

moving from one spot to another, in search of food for example

Periodic movement

movement that takes place for an extended period of time and then does not happen again for a long time

Time/contract movement

the worker is hired by a company to move and work at a job for a certain amount of time but when the contract is over the migrant goes home

Military service/deployment

when a person is in the armed services and is assigned to a post overseas

Push Factors

Anything that causes a person to migrate away from a place.

Pull Factors

Anything that encourages someone to move to a place.

Quotas

Limits that determine the amount of people that are allowed to immigrate each year.

Selective Immigration laws

allow governments to give preference to certain groups of people

Distance Decay Mode

Analyzes the relationship between how far an immigrant is willing to move and how much interaction they desire with their old location.

Gravity Model

the closer two locations are to each other the more interaction businesses and people will have with each other.

Chain Migration

Helps to explain why groups of immigrants tend to travel to the same place. When a person moves to a new place they communicate to friends and relatives back home, encouraging them to move as well.