MEDI 101 lecture 1 and 2 (1st week)

liver

gallbladder

right hypochondriac houses these organs:

right hypochondriac

which region houses liver and gallbladder?

epigastric

which region houses stomach and part of a liver?

stomach

part of liver

the epigastric region houses these:

left hypochondriac

which region houses the spleen?

spleen

the left hypochondriac houses which organ?

right inguinal

which region houses cecum, appendix, and right ovary?

cecum

appendix

right ovary

the right inguinal houses which organs?

hypogastric

which region houses the urinary bladder, uterus, and sigmoid colon?

urinary bladded

uterus

sigmoid colon

the hypogastric region houses which organs?

left inguinal

which region houses the sigmod colon and left ovary?

sigmoid colon

left ovary

left inguinal region houses which organs?

right lumbar

which region houses ascending colon and right kidney?

ascending colon

right kidney

the right lumbar region houses which organs?

left lumbar

which region houses the descending colon and left kidney?

descending colon

left kidney

the left lumbar houses which organs?

planes

sections are cut along imaginary lines known as _______

frontal or coronal plane

divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

transverse plane

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

sagittal plane

divides the body into left and right parts

oblique plane

a plane that is at an angle and does not align with the 3 traditional cardinal planes

midsagittal

divides the body into EQUAL left and right parts

para-sagittal

divides the body into UNEQUAL left and right parts

serous membrane

a slippery double layered membrane associated with body cavities that does not open directly to the exterior

parietal layer

a thin epithelium that lines the walls of the cavities

visceral layer

is a thin epithelium that covers and adheres to the viscera within the cavities

pleura

the serous membrane of the plueral cavities is called _______

serous fluid

between the 2 layers is a potential space that contains a small amount of lubricating liquid called _______

pericardium

the serous membrane of the pericardial cavity is called ________

peritoneum

the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity

viscera

organs inside the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are called ______

anatomy and physiology

the study of the body’s parts, structure and function

anatomy

is the science of body structures anf the relationships

gross anatomy

structures visible to the naked eye

regional anatomy

study all structures in a region

systemic anatomy

the structure of one system

surface anatomy

• the study of the external features of the body

• focusing on anatomical landmarks that can be identified by observation or palpation

microscopic anatomy

studying the strucutre under the microscope

cytology

study of cells/oragnelles; membranes, transport, signalling, cell cycle

histology

study tissues

embryology

studying the human development from 1-8 weeks in the intrauterine life

developmental anatomy

studying human development from fertilization to death

pathological anatomy

structural changes in disease at gross and microscopic levels

imaging anatomy

anatomy as seen on x-ray. CT, MRI, ultrasound including cross-sectional orientation

physiology

• is the science of body functions

• how the body parts work

molecular physiology

gene/protein networks and signaling pathways that drive cellular/organ function

cell physiology

membrane transport, ion cahnnels, excitability, secretion

systems physiology

organ-system function (cardiovascular physiology, endocrine physiology, etc.)

exercise physiology

responses to physical activity ( cardiorespiratory, muscular, metabolic adaptions)

pathophysiology

• fuction in disease states

• how mechanics fail (heart failure hemodynamics, insulin resistance, etc.)

chemical

cellular

tissue

organ

system

organismal

levels of structural organization

chemical level

a combination of atoms to form molecules

cell

the basic living unit of an organism with different structures and functions

tissue

a group of cells with similar structure and function

organs

composed of two or more tissues; they have specific functions and usually have recognizable shapes

organ systems

consists of related organs with a common function

organisms

all the parts of the human body functioning together constitute the total organism

body positions

description of any region or part of the human body

anatomical position

• standard position of reference

• the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward. The lower limbs are parallel and the feet are flat on the floor and directed forward and the upper limbs are at the sides with the palms turned forward

prone

body is lying face down

supine

body is lying face up

superior

toward the head or the upper part of the structure

inferior

away from the head or the lower part of a structure

anterior

nearer to the front of the body

posterior

nearer to or at the back of the body

medial

nearer to the midline

lateral

farther from the midline

intermediate

between two structures

ipsilateral

on the same side of the body as another structure

contralateral

on the opposite side of the body from another structure

proximal

nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk

distal

farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk

superficial

toward or on the surface of the body

deep

away from the surface of the body

umbilical

which region houses the small intestine and transverse colon

small intestine
transverse colon

which organs are contained inside umbilical region?