Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Review

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as outlined in lecture notes.

Comorbidities

Conditions that occur simultaneously with ASD, such as intellectual disability and psychiatric conditions like ADHD and anxiety.

Prevalence of ASD

1 in 36 children are diagnosed with ASD, more common in boys, and more prevalent among Whites.

Early signs of ASD

Signs usually present by 12-18 months, with parents seeking help typically by 24 months.

Gold Standard Assessment for ASD

The ADOS (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) is considered the gold standard for diagnosing children aged 18-36 months.

Genetic Diathesis

The genetic factors inherited from parents that contribute to the development of ASD.

Early Environmental Insult

Factors such as pre-term birth and in utero exposure to toxins that can contribute to the risk of developing ASD.

Growth Dysregulation Hypothesis

Refers to abnormal brain development associated with large head circumference and brain volume seen in some individuals with ASD.

Deficits in Social Cognition

Difficulties in social skills, such as joint attention and understanding others' perspectives, commonly seen in individuals with ASD.

Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI)

A treatment approach for children with ASD that focuses on teaching skills through one-on-one sessions at home.

TEACCH

A structured behavioral intervention for ASD that emphasizes predictability and the use of visual schedules.

Joint Attention Symbolic Play Engagement and Regulation (JASPER)

A therapy that promotes shared attention and imaginative play in children with ASD.

SSRIs

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, medications commonly used to treat comorbid anxiety and mood disorders in individuals with ASD.

Holding Therapy

A controversial therapy based on the faulty notion that autistic behaviors result from disturbed maternal attachment; not recommended.

Facilitated Communication

A discredited approach where individuals are assisted in communication; evidence suggests messages come from facilitators, not the individuals.

Auditory Integration Training

A method based on the belief that auditory discomfort causes autism; involves listening to specialized music.

Efficacy of Nutritional Therapies

Diet therapies suggesting nutritional deficiencies underlie autism; lacks empirical support.

Unstuck and On Target (UOT)

A program aimed at improving executive functioning in children with ASD.

Impaired Social Functioning

Difficulty in engaging with others socially, often resulting in challenges with communication and relationships.