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macronutrients
hydrogen
carbon
oxygen
nitrogen
phosphorus
sulfur
structural isomers
carbon molecules same formula different arrangement
Stereoisomers
same sequence same structure different 3D shape
enantiomers
organic material related when reflected
monomers
building block for macromolecules
polymers
chain of monomers
dehydration/hydrolysis
some polymers are formed from this
carbohydrates
most abundant
“saccharides” (mono/poly)
polyssaccharides
starch (wheat starch)
glycogen (glycogen granules)
cellulose (bacterial cellulose)
lipids
types:
fatty acid
phospholipids
isoprenoids/sterols
fatty acid
hydrocarbons with terminal carboxylic acid
saturated/unsaturated
phospholipids
amphipathic:
head (hydrophilic)
tail (hydrophobic)
isoprenoids
branched lipids
hydrophobic oils/waxes
steroids
fungi & protozoa (ergosterol)
bacteria (hopene)
proteins
polymer of amino acid
polypeptides = <50 acids
large polypeptides = protein
protein structure
amino acid chains:
primary sequence of amino acids (strong peptide bond)
secondary localizing in alpha helix & beta sheets (weak peptide bond)
tertiary 3D shape (distant interactions) (weak peptide bond)
quaternary combined subunits (multiple polypeptide joined together) (strong peptide bond)
biochem ID microbes
MALDI-TOF
FAME
PLFA
Proteomic analysis
carbohydrate analysis
(just remember names for process of elimination question)