Chapter 7 BIOL 2460

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17 Terms

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macronutrients

hydrogen

carbon

oxygen

nitrogen

phosphorus

sulfur

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structural isomers

carbon molecules same formula different arrangement

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Stereoisomers

same sequence same structure different 3D shape

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enantiomers

organic material related when reflected

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monomers

building block for macromolecules

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polymers

chain of monomers

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dehydration/hydrolysis

some polymers are formed from this

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carbohydrates

most abundant

“saccharides” (mono/poly)

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polyssaccharides

starch (wheat starch)

glycogen (glycogen granules)

cellulose (bacterial cellulose)

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lipids

types:

fatty acid

phospholipids

isoprenoids/sterols

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fatty acid

hydrocarbons with terminal carboxylic acid

saturated/unsaturated

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phospholipids

amphipathic:

head (hydrophilic)

tail (hydrophobic)

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isoprenoids

branched lipids

hydrophobic oils/waxes

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steroids

fungi & protozoa (ergosterol)

bacteria (hopene)

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proteins

polymer of amino acid

polypeptides = <50 acids

large polypeptides = protein

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protein structure

amino acid chains:

primary sequence of amino acids (strong peptide bond)

secondary localizing in alpha helix & beta sheets (weak peptide bond)

tertiary 3D shape (distant interactions) (weak peptide bond)

quaternary combined subunits (multiple polypeptide joined together) (strong peptide bond)

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biochem ID microbes

MALDI-TOF

FAME

PLFA

Proteomic analysis

carbohydrate analysis

(just remember names for process of elimination question)