AP HUG Unit 3.3

What is placemaking?

The process by which people modify and shape a landscape in order to live in a particular location.

What is sense of place?

The meaning and significance that individuals or groups attach to a geographic location.

How are placemaking and sense of place connected?

People modify places based on their culture and those modifications create meaning which can influence future placemaking.

What three cultural factors strongly contribute to sense of place?

Language religion and ethnicity.

How does language contribute to sense of place?

Language carries cultural identity and helps make places and regions culturally distinct.

What is a dialect?

A regional variation in how a language is spoken including differences in vocabulary pronunciation or usage.

How can dialects contribute to sense of place?

Regional ways of speaking become associated with particular places and help create distinctive regional identities.

What are examples of regional dialect differences in the United States?

Y'all in the South you guys in parts of the Midwest and yinz in the Pittsburgh region.

How does religion contribute to sense of place?

Religious beliefs influence how people organize space and create sacred places such as churches mosques temples and shrines.

How can religion create regional differences within the same country?

Different religious traditions may dominate different regions and shape their cultural landscapes in distinctive ways.

What is an example of religion creating regional differences in the United States?

Congregationalism historically influenced parts of the Northeast while Baptists and Methodists became especially prominent in the South.

What is ethnicity?

A shared cultural background or heritage that creates a sense of identity and belonging among a group of people.

How does ethnicity contribute to sense of place?

Ethnic groups create communities institutions businesses religious spaces and traditions that give places distinctive cultural identities.

What is an example of ethnicity contributing to sense of place?

Somali communities in Minnesota have established mosques schools businesses and community institutions that reinforce Somali cultural identity.

What is cultural identity?

A person's or group's sense of belonging based on shared cultural characteristics such as language religion ethnicity traditions and heritage.

What is a nation?

A group of people united by shared cultural characteristics and a sense of common identity that often includes a connection to a particular territory.

What is internal cultural identity?

How members of a cultural group understand and identify themselves.

What is external cultural identity?

How people outside a cultural group perceive or categorize that group.

What are centripetal forces?

Forces that unite people and strengthen social or political cohesion.

How can language act as a centripetal force?

A shared language can create common identity and communication that bind people together.

What is an example of language acting as a centripetal force?

Spanish provides a shared cultural connection across much of Central America despite regional differences.

How can religion act as a centripetal force?

Shared religious beliefs and practices can create unity and a common cultural identity.

What is an example of religion acting as a centripetal force?

Hinduism has helped provide a shared cultural identity among many people in India.

How can ethnicity act as a centripetal force?

A shared ethnic heritage can strengthen cultural identity and unity.

What is an example of ethnicity acting as a centripetal force?

The large Han Chinese majority provides an important shared ethnic identity within China.

What are centrifugal forces?

Forces that divide people and weaken social or political cohesion.

How can religion act as a centrifugal force?

Religious differences can create tensions or conflict between groups.

What is an example of religion acting as a centrifugal force?

Tensions between Sunni and Shia Muslims have contributed to conflict in parts of the Islamic world.

How can language act as a centrifugal force?

Different language groups may compete over cultural recognition political rights or which language should dominate.

What is an example of language acting as a centrifugal force?

Debates over whether English should be the official language of the United States can create cultural divisions.

How can ethnicity act as a centrifugal force?

Ethnic differences can create political tensions discrimination or violent conflict.

What is an example of ethnicity acting as a centrifugal force?

Conflict between Hutu and Tutsi populations contributed to the 1994 Rwandan genocide.

What is the difference between centripetal and centrifugal forces?

Centripetal forces unite a society while centrifugal forces divide it.