Review of Indian Independence, Chinese Communism, and Totalitarianism

Flashcards covering the key concepts from the lecture on Indian independence, Chinese communism, the Great Depression, and the rise of totalitarianism.

What empire was India a part of in the early 1900s?

British Empire.

What occurred during the Amritsar Massacre?

British soldiers killed hundreds of unarmed Indians during a peaceful protest.

What empire was India a part of in the early 1900s?

British Empire.

What occurred during the Amritsar Massacre?

British soldiers killed hundreds of unarmed Indians during a peaceful protest.

Who ordered the Amritsar Massacre?

General Reginald Dyer.

How did the Amritsar Massacre influence Indian views?

It fueled anger and intensified the demand for independence.

Who united India to fight for independence in the 1920s?

Mohandas Gandhi.

Who is Mohandas Gandhi?

Leader of India's independence movement, known for nonviolent resistance.

What is a boycott?

Refusal to buy goods or services as a form of protest.

What was the purpose of the Salt March?

A nonviolent protest against British salt taxes.

What is passive resistance / civil disobedience?

Nonviolent protest, refusing to obey unjust laws.

Which two religious groups had differing views on Indian independence?

Hindus and Muslims.

What was the May Fourth Movement in response to?

A cultural and political movement against foreign influence, sparked by the Treaty of Versailles.

Who led the Nationalists in China?

Chiang Kai-shek.

Who led the Chinese Communist Party?

Mao Zedong.

What happened during the Long March?

The Communists retreated from Nationalist forces, covering thousands of miles.

How did Mao’s Communists treat peasants during the Long March?

The Communists treated peasants fairly, gaining their trust and support.

Which foreign power controlled much of China during the 1930s?

Japan.

What is inflation?

A rise in prices due to increased money supply.

What is hyperinflation?

Extreme and rapid inflation, rendering currency worthless.

Why did Germany need to print so much money post WWI?

To pay reparations from WWI.

Why shouldn't governments print more money excessively?

It devalues currency, causing inflation and economic instability.

What was lost due to German hyperinflation?

Savings and the value of the German mark.

Which country was the world’s greatest economic power after WWI?

United States.

What was the Great Depression? Where and when did it start?

A global economic downturn starting in the U.S. in 1929.

What event triggered the global depression?

The U.S. stock market crash.

What factors contributed to the Great Depression?

Overproduction, banking failures, and high tariffs.

How did the Great Depression affect farmers?

They faced low prices for crops and many lost their farms.

What happened to prices after the stock market crash?

Prices decreased.

How did U.S. economic problems affect Europe during the Great Depression?

The U.S. stopped lending money and buying European goods, worsening the European economy.

What is fascism?

A far-right, authoritarian political system with a dictatorial leader and strong nationalism.

Describe fascist Italy under Mussolini.

A totalitarian state with strict control over the economy, military, and media.

What was the Weimar Republic and its problems?

Germany’s democratic government post-WWI facing political instability, economic crises, and lack of support.

How did the Treaty of Versailles aid Hitler's rise?

Its harsh terms fueled resentment and allowed Hitler to gain support.

How did the Great Depression contribute to Hitler's rise?

The economic hardship led people to support extremist solutions, including Hitler's promises of recovery.

What actions did Hitler take regarding the Treaty of Versailles?

He remilitarized Germany, violated the treaty's terms, and expanded territory through aggression.