TEXT INFORMATION

can be writer in script using the Roman alphabet or a different script that is appropriate to the language of the reader.

text information

can be writer in script using the Roman alphabet or a different script that is appropriate to the language of the reader.

authors

Someone who writes books, stories, or articles on different kinds of topics. However, there is a difference in the focus of their writing. Usually, an author writes stories or articles that are lengthy, like a novel.

Writer

A writer is more associated with writing literary works like poems and short stories.

contributor

spends time writing articles about topics that are of particular interest.

Columnist

someone who writes and shares his opinion, insights, and commentaries about social or political issues.

blogger

someone who writes personal opinions on topics or issues that interest them. Their work can be seen and read in online

editor

someone who coordinates with the author or writer in planning, reviewing, and revising content for publication

publisher

someone who is responsible for preparing, acquiring, and managing a publication. The publisher works with a team of writers, authors, and layout artists and decides on the type and theme of the material to be published.

Fiction

This refers to stories that are products of the writer's imagination.

Non-fiction

it is based on facts and reality

Accuracy and factuality

Text information should be precise and must be based on facts. It should be thoroughly researched and the data should be based on valid findings.

Objectivity

Text information should not contain any biases, prejudice, or discrimination.

language appropriateness

The level and kind of language should be appropriate for the target audience or readers

curriculum alignment

The textbook material should be consistent with the curriculum and international standards prescribed.

style and format

Most books are based on the Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) when it comes to all editorial concerns like capitalization, punctuation, and citation

typeface

The representation or style of a text in the digital formal is called

serif

One common form of a typeface is called serif. - It pertains to a short line at the top or bottom of some styles of printed letters.

sans serif

A typeface which does not contain serif in the letters is called

slab serif

A heavy and solid look to the text is expressed by

script

The brush-like strokes of the

decorative

artistic and eye-catching since it can show a wide variety of emotions (such as happiness, fear, horror, etc.

emphasis

pertains to the force or intensity of expression which contributes to the importance or vivid impression to something. To do this, a text can be enlarged, be bold or italicized, darkened or lightened, or underlined.

appropriateness

refers to how suitable or appropriate the text is for the target audience, intention or purpose, or event. The selection criteria (tone, style, purpose, clarity) should be followed in the creation of text-based content

proximity

refers to the distance of text elements from each other. Things that are closely related should be brought together

alignment

refers to the proper positioning or state of adjustment of parts in relation to each other (Merriam-Webster Dictionary). The text positioned in the page can be left, right, center or justified.

organization

refers to the act or process of organizing various elements of text in a page

repetition

the unity of the entire design and consistency of elements are the concerns of repetition

contrast

refers to the degree of difference between things having similar or comparable naturesm

Visual Information

the artistic and creative representation of ideas, concepts,

or emotions through a wide range of media. It goes beyond words, relying on images,

colors, lines, textures, and layouts to communicate messages in ways that capture

attention and stir curiosity.

FORMALLY PRODUCED VISUAL MEDIA

materials that are carefully planned,

designed, and created by professionals or

trained individuals.

INFORMALLY PRODUCED VISUAL MEDIA

visuals that are created casually or

spontaneously, often by individuals

without professional training or without

strict quality standards.

PURPOSE OF VISUAL INFORMATION

to make messages clear, engaging, and memorable.

To Gain Attention

Visuals immediately draw the eye and spark curiosity. Bright colors, striking

images, and creative layouts invite people to stop, look, and focus on the message.

To Create Meaning

Visual elements organize information and show relationships between ideas.

Diagrams, maps, and infographics reveal patterns, explain steps, or simplify complex

data so audiences can grasp the main point quickly.

To Facilitate Retention

People tend to remember images longer than text. Well-chosen visuals—such as

charts, icons, or animations—help learners recall facts, processes, and concepts

because they link information with something the brain can easily picture.

VISUAL DESIGN ELEMENTS

the basic building blocks used to create effective and

meaningful visuals.

Line.

describes a shape or outline. It can create texture and

can be thick or thin. may be actual, implied,

vertical, horizontal, diagonal, or contour.

Shape

usually, a geometric area that stands out from the

space next to or around it, or because of differences in

value, color, or texture. may also be organic.

Value

the degree of light and dark in a design. It is the

contrast between black and white and all the tones in

between.

Texture

the way a surface feels or is perceived to feel. the illusion of the surfaces

peaks and valleys, resulting in a feeling of smoothness or

roughness in objects.

Color

determined by its hue. intensity and value

Form

a figure having volume and thickness. An illusion of a

3-dimensional object can be implied through the use of

light and shading.

VISUAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES

the guidelines for arranging the elements of a

design (line, shape, color, texture, etc.) so that a message becomes clear, attractive, and

effective.

Consistency

margins, typeface, typestyle, and colors is

necessary, especially in slide presentations or documents

that are more than one page.

Center of interest

an area that first attracts attention in a composition.

This area is more important when compared to the other

objects or elements in a composition.

Balance

a feeling of visual equality in shape, form, value,

color, etc. can be symmetrical and evenly

balanced, or asymmetrical and unevenly balanced.

Harmony

brings together a composition with similar units.

Contrast

offers some change in value creating a visual discord

in a composition.

Directional Movement

a visual flow through the composition.

Rhythm

a movement in which some elements recur regularly.

Perspective

this is created through the arrangement of objects

in two-dimensional space to look like what they

appear in real life.